Ch. 22: Cross-Cultural Interactions between Europe and Asia, AD 1000-1500 I. Long distance trade and travel. A. Silk Roads and Indian Ocean sea lanes.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 22: Cross-Cultural Interactions between Europe and Asia, AD I. Long distance trade and travel. A. Silk Roads and Indian Ocean sea lanes. 1. Marco Polo’s narratives inspired merchants. B. Political and diplomatic travel. 1. Pope Innocent IV failed to convert Mongols. Rabban Sauma, a representative of the Ilkhanate of Persia, failed to receive help from Europe against Muslims.

Travel and Trade from the 12 th C. to the 15 th C.

2. Ibn Battuta (14 th C.) accounts tell us about his extensive travels through Africa and Asia. C. Exchanges: 1. Science, ideas, art, music. 2. Technology: gunpowder, catapults, cannons, magnetic compass. 3. Diseases. 4. Agricultural products. 5. Slave labor.

II. China (The Ming Dynasty, AD ). A. Fall of Yuan (Mongol) dynasty. 1. Due to financial mismanagement, political assassinations, and the plague. 2. Many Mongols departed. B. Hongwu led rebellious forces and established the Ming (brilliant) dynasty. C. Centralized control. Government officials known as mandarins oversaw

local officials. Eunuchs were used more extensively in the government.

Hongwu

D. Golden Age of Chinese literature and arts. The Yongle Encyclopedia emphasized Chinese cultural traditions. E. The Forbidden City was built in the 1400s.

The Forbidden City The construction of the Forbidden City began during the Ming dynasty (1407). It was the home of the emperor.

The Emperor’s House Hall of Mental Cultivation.

The Emperor’s Chair Located in the Palace of Heavenly Purity (in the Forbidden City).

Forbidden City

F. Zheng He’s seven large expeditions in the Indian Ocean basin. 1. Sent for trade purposes and to promote China. 2. Expeditions ended in order to redirect resources to agriculture and defense of the northern border.

Zheng He

Chinese and European voyages of exploration, Page: 596

Christian and Islamic missionaries: John of Montecorvino and Sufis

IV. The Renaissance (AD 1350-AD 1600) A. A “rebirth” in Europe. Much artistic and and intellectual creativity. It was an age of exploration, inventions, and learning. B. Wealthy Italian city-states sponsored innovations in art and architecture. C. Artists and architects drew inspiration from classical Greece and Rome. D. “Humanists” such as Erasmus were scholars who admired Greek and Roman writings and advocated participation in societal affairs.

Examples of Medieval art and architecture: The Baptistry

Cimabue, Madonna and Child

Giotto, Madonna and Child

Simone Martini, Annunciation

Medieval to Renaissance transition

Paolo Uccello, The Battle of San Romano

E. Characteristics *Realism and Expression *Perspective *More secularism *Classicism: Greco-Roman influence *Individualism and Humanism *Symmetry and Balance

Renaissance Florence

Madonna and Child with Two Angels by Filippo Lippi

Sandro Botticelli, The Adoration of the Magi

Donatello’s David

MICHELANGELO ( ) portrait by Jacopino del Conte (1537)

Michelangelo, David

MICHELANGELO’S “DAVID”

Michelangelo’s Pieta

Leonardo da Vinci’s Annunciation

RAPHAEL’S “SCHOOL OF ATHENS”

Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel

Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa

LEONARDO DA VINCI (SELF-PORTRAIT?):

DA VINCI’S SKETCH OF A FLYING MACHINE

DA VINCI’S “LAST SUPPER”

Filippo Brunelleschi

Dome Comparisons Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington) Susan Pojer,

Dome of Florence Cathedral

THE RENAISSANCE

E. England and France fought the Hundred Years’ War ( ), which concerned control over French lands. Joan of Arc ( ) inspired French troops. F. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile facilitated the reconquista of Spain.