 Muscle fibers in a fascicle are parallel  Fascicle arrangement: ◦ Parallel ◦ Convergent ◦ Uni-bi-multipennate ◦ Uni-, bi-, multipennate ◦ Circular

 Origin insertion  Origin vs. insertion action ◦ Muscle contraction produces action (discussed in Ch 9)  Agonist prime moverantagonist synergist  Agonist (prime mover) vs. antagonist vs. synergist

 Location in body  Origin & insertion  Fascicle arrangement  Position  Structural characteristics  Action  Axial/appendicular

 Head & neck muscles  Head & neck muscles—move face, tongue & larynx  Vertebral column muscles  Vertebral column muscles—support  Oblique & rectus muscles  Oblique & rectus muscles—walls of abdominopelvic cavities  Pelvic floor muscles  Pelvic floor muscles—form pelvic outlet

 Position & stabilize pelvic & pectoral girdles, arms & legs muscles of shoulders & upper limbsmuscles of pelvis & lower limbs  Divided into muscles of shoulders & upper limbs, muscles of pelvis & lower limbs

 Muscle fibers become smaller in diameter fibrosis  Fibers become less elastic, have more fibrosis  Lower tolerance for exercise, harder to recover from injuries