PIRE Summer School - India Curriculum Planning Week 4 (overlay with week 3): Infrastructure, Health, Risk and Vulnerability Three Types of Infrastructure-Related Hazards: -Lack of infrastructure (no water/sanitation) -Fossil-Fuel Infrastructure -Climate Extremes Ted Russell, Paty Romero-Lanko, Mike Bergin, Sachi Tripathi, Siddharth Agarwal, Jason Cao, Anu Ramaswami Guest Lectures: Sarath Guttikunda, Josh Sperling

Effects Estimate; Concn- Response Factors HEALTH OUTCOME Intrinsic Vulnerability Socio Economic Status, other factors shaping social vulnerability Lack of Infrastructure Fossil Fuel Infrastructure Extreme Climate Events EXPOSURE Pollution Concn: NOx, SOx, PM, etc. HAZARDS HEALTH RISK

Overlay With Week 3 Week 3 (Last day): – Lack of Infrastructure & Health Data on urban slums in Asia, infrastructure condition Infrastructure deficit, socioeconomic status & children’s health (Dr. Agarwal) – General relationship between infrastructure (or lack thereof), environmental pollution/hazards and health risks (Anu / Josh) Hazard  Exposure  Response Factor (intrinsic vulnerability)  Risk  Outcome Limitations of this model (?) – Examples exploring available quantitative data/models (Josh): Poor sanitation and health (Children’s health in particular) Water pollution and disease risk models Traffic Accident Risks in Indian Cities – Action Research in Underserved communities (CBPR & Ethics) – Dr. Agarwal – Traffic, Air Pollution & Health Risk (Sarath Guttikonda Guest Lecture – this could link weeks 3 & 4 since BRT is covered in week 3)

Air Pollution Overview & Dynamics – Sources, Receptors, Meteorology, Space & Time (Connect w/ Week 2 & 3 = Fuel combustion in traffic, industry and powerplants are among major sources) Air Pollution Measurements – On Ground data and Satellite data, Regressions Air Pollution Modeling: – Source-to-Receptor Models: CSTR (Indoor Air), Dispersion Modeling (outdoor) – Receptor-to-Source Models: Source apportionment From Air Pollution (models) to Health Impacts – (Assumptions of HEI concentration response models, are they for very young? Succeptible? Etc.) – How are gridded populations estimated? Linking Air Pollution & Climate Models – Different Approaches; Modeling discrete events (extreme heat, storms, extreme cold) – Discerning health effects from extreme events Urban vulnerability and health risks: Three main approaches to urban vulnerability and risk Adaptation, Risk Management & Resilience : (Lc.1): Urban Adaptation and Resilience of whom to what at what level, (Lc.1): Urban risk and risk management, (Lc.1): Towards effective risk and adaptation responses [Day 5] Key Concepts Week 4 Air Pollution, Climate Impacts, Health Risks & Vulnerability

Skills to be Reinforced in exercises – I think we could skip this for day 1 (but ok to keep as well) (week 3) Hands-On- Looking at Delhi mortality data and exploring infrastructure linkages, Week 3 – Mental model of different type of urban infrastructure hazards and their health impact Hands on – Data on traffic emsiions and estimated health impact in different cities Day 1. (Week 4) Lc.1: Regression analysis between pollutant levels and meteorological and spatial parameters, Lc.2: Air pollution measurements Day 2. (week 4) Lc.1: Source impact characterization [Chemical mass balance modeling and dispersion modeling], Lc.2: Analyze concentration data taken during day 1 and extend assessment [Measurements in microenvironments, Compare to levels elsewhere in other environments and locations around the world, and to relevant standards, Focus on pollutant concentrations in Delhi and Kanpur as measured over time, Satellite data analysis] Day 3. (Week 4) – Different approaches to link with climate models Lc.1: Health-indicator assessment [Delhi mortality and temperature/pollutants data], Day 4: Vulnerability and risk calculations [Delhi mortality and temperature/pollutants data], Lc.3: Socioeconomics and vulnerability [Delhi socioeconomic data to build vulnerability indexes]. Day 5. Skills work: 1. designing interviews to measure effective risk management, 2: Mapping the who (urban actors); the what (urban hazards/stresses [relevant level (populations, infrastructures, governments)]

Required Readings and Viewings Week 4, (and part of week 3) 1. Brunekreef, B; Holgate, ST (2002) Air Pollution and Health: LANCET, 360: DOI: /S (02) Lim et al., (2012) A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010; (2012), Lancet 3.Weaver CP, et al. (2009) A Preliminary Synthesis of Modeled Climate Change Impacts on US Regional Ozone Concentrations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, DOI: /2009BAMS Smith, KR; Frumkin, H; Balakrishnan, K; et al. (2013) Energy and Human Health; Annual review of public health Volume: 34 Pages: DOI: /annurev-publhealth IPCC Climate and Health (selected readings) 6.Romero-Lankao, P., & Dodman, D. (2011). Cities in transition: transforming urban centers from hotbeds of GHG emissions and vulnerability to seedbeds of sustainability and resilience: Introduction and Editorial overview. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3(3), Useful Websites: 1.WHO: Global Burden of Disease: I am pasting a few Week 3 papers here: 1.Agarwal – 2.Guttikunda & Jawahar: Road Transport in India – Emissions, Pollution & Health Impacts, Urban Emissions Info., Sperling and Ramaswami,