Remembering “the old girls” “Remember the ‘old girls,’ as they made it possible for us to work for our dream.” –Marion Mason, PhD, RD, Professor of Nutrition, Simmons College in Boston, Mass

Let’s Start at the Very Beginning A very good place to start

The Father of Western Medicine The word ‘dietetics’ is noted in the writings of Hippocrates, Plato, and Galen as early as 460 BC Hippocrates formed theories about the relationship between food and the state of a person’s health

Lind’s Treatise of Scurvy 1753 Lemons and Limes prevent scurvy for sailors at sea A historic and fascinating discovery on the relation between food and illness

Development of Food Composition Tables William Henneberg and Frederick Stohmann introduced the Weende method for measuring crude fibre in 1864 Atwater ran extensive analyses of foods in America leading to the publication of Food Composition Tables in 1877

Cooking schools serve as our roots The first cooking school was the New York Cooking Academy founded in 1876 Trained many who were placed in charge of food service in hospitals and the Red Cross during World War 1

American Home Economics Association The word “dietitian” was coined in 1899 at the Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics A subgroup of the AHEA pursued a specialty in dietetics

The Official Birth of the Profession World War I, a stimulus which brought dietitians together

The Impetus Which Brought Early Dietitians Together April 1917, American joins World War 1 President Woodrow Wilson urged the importance of food conservation A primitive war with soldiers suffering from inadequate nutrition Dietitians hurried to serve but received no benefits, insurance, or rights to compensation

Lenna F. Cooper and Lulu Graves Extend an Invitation Disappointed that hospitals were not contributing to the calls for conservation efforts AHEA opted to cancel its meeting leading Graves and Cooper to send out an invitation An advertisement in the Department of Dietetics column in the October issue of Modern Hospital magazine “…it seems highly important that the feeding of as many people as possible be placed in the hands of women who are trained and especially fitted to feed them in the best possible manner.”

Another surge in Dietetics “…it is something to celebrate that each time there are challenges, whether in the 1940s or 2010s…the profession at large has always emerged with elevated recognition for its diligent work in serving its practitioners, its country, and the public” -Karen Stein, MFA

The US Army Requests 1000 New Dietitians The ADA created many programs to relieve the shortage of dietitians serving in the US Army Training for Dietitian Aides ensued and by 1943, there were 525 graduates Accelerated Dietitian Apprentice Program National Wartime Nutrition Guide

The American Dietetic Association The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

The American Dietetic Association is Born October 18 th, 1917 at Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio Lulu Graves elected as President Lenna Cooper elected as vice President “The results of this conference have been far greater than we anticipated... I am sure not even the most sanguine among us ever dreamed that from this modest beginning the [Academy] would one day attain the place it holds.” -Lulu Graves, 1944

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Seal of the ADA displays “Quan Plurimis Prodesse” meaning “benefit as many as possible” Membership has reached over 75,000 Junior Membership established in 1926, and there are now over 21,000 student members First edition of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association published in 1925 with four issues per year.

Milestones of this Proud Profession Remembering the accomplishments and growth that brought us here

An exciting and rich history John Hopkins Hospital offers approved training course in dietetics in Discovery of curative effects of UV lights on rats leading to the discovery of Vitamin D First male member in 1936 The first RDAs released in 1941 Framingham Heart Study showing the impact of diet and sedentary lifestyle on cardiovascular health in 1949 In 1969, the association develops a system of national certification, designating the dietitian as a Registered Dietitian

Evolution in the Education of Dietitians High standards for training and educating dietetic students

Standards of Education In 1919 at least 2 years of college was recommended 1n 1924, the minimum standard was a 4 year university course with a major in foods and nutrition, followed by 6 months of supervised training in a hospital In 1927, student training programs become standardized and became known as dietetics internships in 1946 One of the first approved programs located at Freedmen’s Hospital at Howard University, Washington, DC

Remembering the ‘old girls’ And many, many more who paved the way in Dietetics

Just a Few of Those Who Paved the Way Lulu Graves, ADA’s first president and created a training course for hospital dietetics at Cornell Lenna Cooper, director of a training school in Battle Creek, Michigan and served as the ADA’s first vice president Florence Nightingale, founder of the nursing profession as well as named the first hospital dietitian Sarah Tyson Rorer, first American dietitian and founded the Philadelphia Cooking School in 1881 Ruth Wheeler prepared the first outline of a training course, establishing education requirements for dietetics practice Lydia J. Roberts, leading nutritionist at Univ. of Chicago and the Univ. of Puerto Rico

A Look into the Past A look at the present

Then & Now Four areas of dietetics identified, dietotherapy, teaching, social welfare, and administration Hospitals by far the most common employment setting in the 1940s Fixed-menu batch style cooking has moved towards hotel-style room service models and a la carte food carts Menus in early days included mush, molasses, and beer Practice Area Clinical Dietetcs Food and Nutrition Management Community Nutrition1511 Consultation/Business Education/Research Other 54566

A Day in the Life Miss Nelson, a dietitian in the 20s and 30s Supervised housekeeper’s work in purchasing and preparing food, etc Instructed and consulted with staff nurses about nutrition and diet Visited homes to teach about a balanced diet and food preparation She prepared budgets for families, planned therapeutic diets for patients Work hours 8am to 5:30pm weekdays, 8 am to 12pm Saturdays with 1 month summer vacation Worked with many diabetes patients as this was before insulin; considered a fatal disease

Bibliography Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Membership Rises for Ninth Straight Year to Highest Level in History. (2014, May 6). States News Service. Bittle PhD, R. C. (2001). ADA’s Historic Commitment to Improve Nutrition Policy. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bogle, M., & Ebro L, W. E. (2013). Nutrition and Dietetics: Practice and Future Trends. Jones & Bartlett Learning. Erickson-Weerts, PhD, RD, S. (1999). Past, Present, and Future Perspectives of Dietetics Practice. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fitz, M. R. (1996). President's Page. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hwalla, N., & Koleilat, M. (2004). Dietetic Practice: the past, present, and future. La Revue de Sante de la Mediterranee Orientale. Luttrell, M. (2015, May 6). North Bay Business Journal. Retrieved from North Bay Business Journal: Petrillo, MS, RD, T. (2002). Live the ADA Legacy, Anually. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Stein, K. (2014). History Snapshot: Dietetics Student Experience in the 1940s. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Stein, K. (2015). A Pictorial Job Fair: A Glimpse at the Academy’s Vintage Professional Recruitment Materials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Weigley, P. R. (1997). 80th Anniversary Celebration. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,