Sustainable Historic Preservation at the U.S. Treasury Building 2009 Federal Environmental Symposium – East June 17, 2009 Break-out Session 6.2, Greening Historic Buildings U.S. Department of the Treasury

Overview Treasury is committed to pursuing environmental sustainability and energy efficiency in its owned and leased facilities in a manner that is economically viable, resource efficient, and consistent with its mission and the goals of E.O Department of the Treasury Sustainable Buildings Program Introduction LEED and Historic Preservation History of the Treasury Building Renovation and Repair Efforts  From “Ashes to Opportunity” LEED and the Treasury Building:  Initial Strategy  Status and Challenges  Lessons Learned Treasury Annex Building Questions and Answers Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 2

LEED Rating Systems "The LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of high performance green buildings.“ Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 3

LEED-EB and LEED-NC LEED-EB: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings LEED-NC: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction LEED-NC is based around design and construction because it is for New Construction and Major Renovation Historic Buildings can be LEED-NC certified LEED-EB focuses on improving operations and maintenance of existing buildings  Renovation Projects must affect less than 50% of the floor area  Renovation Projects must cause fewer than 50% of the regular building occupants to be relocated during the project  LEED-EB projects must be re-certified every 5 years to maintain LEED certification status USGBC encourages projects that are LEED- NC certified to receive LEED-EB certification afterward Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 4

LEED-EB AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION Historic Preservation is sustainable because it meets the three E’s of Sustainability: Environment Equity Economy The National Trust for Historic Preservation’s sustainable preservation coalition has focused primarily on improving LEED-NC LEED-EB is not widely used Preservationists consider LEED-EB to be a facility manager’s tool Large market among historic buildings for LEED-EB because most buildings do not need a major renovation Preservationists should promote LEED-EB as it:  Does not encourage making damaging changes to the building  LEED-EB has the same philosophy as historic preservation – long term maintenance Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 5

Sustainable Sites Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 6 C2: High Development Density Building & Area C3.1: Alternative Transportation- Public Transportation Access C3.2: Alternative Transportation – Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms C 6.2: Heat Island Reduction – Roof

Water Efficiency P 1: Minimum Water Efficiency P2: Discharge Water Compliance Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 7

Energy and Atmosphere P2: Minimum Energy Performance C1: Optimize Energy Performance Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 8

Materials and Resources P1.2: Source Reduction & Waste Management: Storage & Collection of Recyclables P2: Toxic Material Reduction- Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs C4: Sustainable Cleaning Products & Materials (30-30% of annual purchases) C5: Occupant Recycling Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 9

Indoor Environmental Quality C2: Increased Ventilation C : Daylight & Views (Daylight for 50 or 75% of spaces; Views for 45 or 90% of spaces) Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 10

History of the Treasury Building The Treasury Department occupies its original site when the federal government moved to Washington, DC in The current Treasury Building was built between At that time, the primary consideration was fire- proof construction. The Classical Revival building style provides many sustainable features Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 11

Construction During the Civil War The long construction period for the Treasury building was partly due to interruptions during the Civil War. The Treasury building was one of the first buildings to use wrought iron as a building material in In 1855, eight skylights with 24” ventilators were installed to improve air circulation in the building. Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 12 Corner stairwell dome which originally would have had a ventilator in the skylight. Restored in 2004.

Post Civil War & Early 20 th Century On April 9, 1865, the Civil War ended. Five days later, President Lincoln was shot and the Treasury building became the temporary White House. Before 1870, in time for President Grant’s Inaugural Celebration, the north wing of the Treasury building was finished. The exterior of the building was architecturally complete. Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 13 In 1867, the State Department building on the north side of the Treasury building was demolished. By 1869, the north wing was completed.

Building Improvements Modest alterations and additions to the building continued: in 1877 phone lines were added; in 1879, hydraulic elevators were placed in the northeast and southeast corners; direct current electricity was installed by 1885 and completed through the entire building by Steam heating was added in Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 14 The building combined executive offices, clerical functions and factory production operations.

1910: A First Major Renovation In 1910 an architectural firm was commissioned by the Secretary of the Treasury to analyze building use and suggest space improvements for the overcrowded building. What was a 5 th floor attic space was rebuilt into full height office space. More importantly, a Treasury Annex building was built across the street in Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 15 The Treasury Annex on the north side of Pennsylvania Avenue was one of the few government buildings constructed during WWI.

2oth Century Patches and Repairs 1920 saw the last significant construction at the Treasury or Annex buildings. Incremental repairs were made over the next 75 years. Air conditioning was installed in Stairwell skylights that were blacked-out in WWII were restored. Heating and lighting systems were modernized by the 1950’s. Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 16 By 1976 when it was closed, the Cash Room as a public banking room had begun to exceed its useful life.

19 th Century Fire-proof Construction Put to the Test In 1996, a roof repair project caught fire over the north wing. As was the case in fires at the first Treasury building almost 200 years ago, out of the ashes came an opportunity to modernize an iconic National Landmark. Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 17

Initial Building Conditions 1996 Fire  Fire & smoke damage  Water Damage Building Deficiencies  Antiquated systems No central HVAC Hazardous materials Code deficiencies Inadequate life-safety systems No dedicated fresh air ventilation No isolated ground or segregated power Exposed piping & cabling Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 18 Fire recovery efforts at the Main Treasury Building north roof structure

Repair and Renovation Program Main Treasury Building Envelop contract awarded Interior contract awarded LEED Initial NC pilot program released Initial EB pilot program released Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 19 Construction Phasing Plan CM-at-Risk delivery process Occupied facility completed in four sequential phases Final phase completed in 2006

Energy and Environmental Initiatives Increase day lighting Removed hazardous materials Low flow plumbing fixtures DDC’s & VFD’s for equipment motors Increased voltage from 120/208 to 480/277 T8 fluorescent lighting with electronic ballast Energy management control system Recycled building materials Increased occupant density Required low VOC materials Insulated window systems Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 20

LEED – EB Assemble a team from our internal staff Identify credits that we are currently in compliance with Identify credits that can be achieved with minimal investment Focus on prerequisites Focus on credits that offer tangible paybacks Develop an implementation schedule Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 21 Registered in 2007 Initial Strategy

Status and Challenges Submitted, or in process of submitting, 28 of 32 required credit points Funded LEED projects planned for current fiscal year Historic preservation standards can preclude certain LEED initiatives Security challenges with increased electrical consumption, decreased day lighting, & 24/7 operations Documentation of existing practices Building culture & educating Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 22 New Chiller Plant

Lessons Learned Buildings have inherent characteristics that create unique challenges & opportunities Need a dedicated team Need individuals with LEED experience Items with quantifiable paybacks are more easily embraced Need a project champion Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 23 Indoor Air Quality Outside air ventilation duct set in load bearing masonry wall

Treasury Annex Building Completed in 1919 Strategy for LEED-NC Silver Certification  41 potential points Planned initiatives include:  Green roof with cistern to capture storm water  Energy efficient storm windows  Waterless urinals  Reuse existing materials Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 24 Historic Treasury Annex Building

For More Information, Contact… Main Treasury today. (Treasury Collection) Guy Munsch Preservation Specialist Office of the Curator (202) Barbara Matos Environmental Protection Specialist, Office of Environment, Safety and Health, (202) Alice Dorman Graduate Student Sustainable Historic Preservation at the Landmark U.S. Treasury Building 25 Craig Gardner Deputy Director Office of Real Estate and Facilities Management (202) Gaius Hershey Architect (Contractor) Office of Real Estate and Facilities Management (202)