SWBAT: DETERMINE HOW PROGRESSIVES RESPONDED TO POLITICAL CORRUPTION & SOCIAL CONCERNS Origins of Progressivism

Do Now According to the cartoons, what were some issues that needed to be addressed during this era?

Progressivism WHO? “Progressives”  urban middle-class: managers & professionals; women; Protestants (Social Gospel) WHY? Address problems arising from:  industrialization (big business, labor strife)  urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption)  immigration (ethnic diversity)  inequality & social injustice (women & racism) 1920s1890s WHEN? “Progressive Reform Era”

Progressivism WHAT are their goals?  Democracy – government accountable to the people  Regulation of corporations & monopolies  Social justice – workers, poor, minorities  Environmental protection

Progressivism HOW?  Government: leadership, laws, regulations, programs  Efficiency  Pragmatism – William James, John Dewey: experiment, test, find what produces a well- functioning democratic society  Scientific Management- Frederick Taylor, use science to determine best solutions, organize factory workers in the most efficient manner

Muckrakers Investigative journalists who informed the public about corruption, urban living, bad business practices, & unfair treatment of workers

Muckrakers Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (1890) Upton Sinclair - The Jungle (1906) Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (1904) Ida Tarbell - The History of the Standard Oil Co. (1902) Ida TarbellLincoln Steffens

Read for Understanding You and your partner will each have a different excerpt from Sinclair’s, The Jungle After reading your excerpt, respond to your questions When you both finish, verbally SUMMARIZE your excerpt to your partner in 3 sentences Conversationally, share your responses with your partner Group Discussion Questions: 1.In your opinion, what is the most disturbing line/section? Why? 2.Meatpacking houses operated like this for many years. Why do you think it took so long to change the industry? 3.How does greed seem to drive action?

Municipal Reform Utilities – controlled by cities: water, gas, electricity, transportation systems Commission Plan of Government- voters elect heads of city departments, not just the mayor Manager-Council Plan of Government (aka-Dayton Plan)- elected city council members hired a city manager to direct work of city departments

State Reform Secret Ballot: Massachusetts  all states Direct Primary: Robert La Follette of Wisconsin directly put primary into hands of voters Direct Election of Senators: Nevada  th Amendment Initiative, Referendum, Recall:  Initiative- voters require legislature to consider a bill  Referendum- citizens vote on proposed laws printed on their ballot  Recall- enables voters to remove corrupt or unsatisfactory politicians from office before end of term

State Reform Temperance & Prohibition:  Divided over alcohol, “drys” (prohibitionists), /3 rds of states prohibited sale of alcohol  Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)  Anti-Saloon League Social Welfare:  Jane Addams, Florence Kelley- fought to meet needs of immigrants & working class  Fought for schools, divorce laws, safety regulations for tenements Child & Women Labor:  Proposed child labor laws, safety & working conditions  John Spargo- The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906)  Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, NYC- 146 people (mostly women) died  Muller v. Oregon- protected women from long hours

Wrap Up Explain what efforts were made to address the political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality by Progressives?