Acids and Bases

Acids

Substances that dissociate in solution to produce HYDROGEN IONS (H + ) (“PROTONS”) Chemical formula begins with an H and is usually followed by “(aq)” Taste sour, water soluble, conduct electricity React with metals and carbonates (corrosive)

BINARY ACIDS- molecular compound in which H is combined with another non-metallic element – Hydrofluoric acid, HF (aq), etching glass – Hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), cleaning concrete – Hydrobromic acid, HBr (aq), cleaning compounds – Hydrosulphuric acid, H 2 S (aq), purifying metals

Binary acids are very dangerous They can cause CHEMICAL BURNS if not handled safely

OXYACIDS- an acid that contains O, at least one other element, and at least one H attached to an O – Acetic acid (vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2(aq), salad dressing – Citric acid, HC 6 H 7 O 7(aq), oranges, lemons – Ascorbic acid, HC 6 H 7 O 6(aq), vitamin C – Lactic acid, HC 3 H 5 O 3(aq), sour milk – Carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3(aq), carbonated drinks – Acetylsalcyclic acid (ASA), HC 9 H 7 O 4(aq), Aspirin – Sulphuric acid, H 2 SO 4(aq), car batteries

Bases

“ALKALINE” Substances that dissociate in solution to produce HYDROXIDE IONS (OH - ), chemical formula is usually followed by “(aq)” Taste bitter, water soluble, slippery feeling, conducts electricity Reacts with proteins

Common Bases: – Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), NaOH (aq), industrial chemical, drain cleaner – Aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH) 3(aq), heartburn medication – Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), making baked goods rise, abrasive cleaner – Ammonium hydroxide, NH 4 OH (aq), window cleaner

Effects of alkali ingestion

Alkali burn to eye- subsequent loss of sight

ACIDS, BASES, AND PH SCALE SONG : I&feature=related I&feature=related

Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life

TOXIC CHEMICALS LOBBY: 7o&feature=pyv&ad= &kw=chemi cals 7o&feature=pyv&ad= &kw=chemi cals Practice with naming for acids and bases: Complete the “Acids and Bases” half of the worksheet in your worksheet package.