Industrial Revolution Industrial: Work Revolution: Rapid Change So what changed rapidly about work? Change from Muscle Power to Machine Power

Took place in USA from 1865 to about 1920 Or, if you’re not good with dates, from the end of the Civil War until the end of World War I By 1900 USA had become world’s largest and wealthiest economy 1860: 20% Urban, 80% Rural 1920: 50.1 % Urban, 49.9% Rural 2000: 80% Urban, 20% Rural

The Shop

The Factory

The Impact of the Railroads Before the railroads, each town kept its own time, based on the position of the sun. Railroad companies, however, needed more exact time tables. They devised a system with four time zones – eastern, central, mountain and pacific time. Every place within the same time zone observed the same time.

From 1860 to 1910 over 210,000 miles of railroad was built in the United States 1918

What Industries Grew With the Railroads? Steel Lumber

#4 Read Chapter 14 sections 1 & 3 Do Skillbuilders pp. 437, 453 p.456 Terms and Names 1,2,6,7; Main Idea Questions 1,2,5,6

Henry Bessemer In 1859 he invented a new process for making steel. Lowered production cost from $50 a ton to $7 a ton

The Bessemer Process

Andrew Carnegie Scottish immigrant who realized the possibilities of the Bessemer process. Created the modern American steel industry

· Carnegie gave $350 million of his $400 million fortune to charities, including $60 million to build libraries. Harper's Weekly April 11, 1903

Bessemer Converter

“A modern blast furnace”

“Stirring iron in a puddling furnace”

Pouring steel

Filling ingot molds with liquid steel

Open pit iron mine in Northern Minnesota

Ore docks in Duluth, Minnesota

Homestead, Pennsylvania, outside of Pittsburgh US Steel Production 1870 – tons 1900 – 11,000,000 tons 1918 – 44,000,000 tons

Immigrant ship

“The melting pot of the steel industry”

Italian immigrant steelworkers

Russian Immigrant Steelworkers

Northern Pacific land brochure …in German Immigrants being “tagged” so they’ll get off at the correct stop

Immigration to the USA by Year Percent of American population born in a foreign country

Big tree in the Washington woods

Big logs on the skid road

The Skid Road

Near Arlington

A donkey engine snaking logs in a chute

“A group of Finns”

Cutting the top off a spar tree

High lead logging

Loading logs onto flat cars

Bunkhouse on rails

“Japanese Loggers”

Edgecomb, Snohomish County (at the north end of the Centennial Trail)

Clear cut

Log boom in Maine

Cigar raft on the Pacific coast

The Mill Pond

A double edge saw

A shingle mill in Washington

Inside a shingle mill

Rucker Mill Lake Stevens 1910

What was the world’s most valuable commodity before the Civil War? What was the world’s most valuable commodity by 1920?

Indians skimming oil from a creek

Selling Seneca Oil

Edwin Drake’s oil well, Titusville, Pennsylvania 1859

Kerosene Lamps

John D. Rockefeller His Standard Oil Corporation controlled 90% of US oil business in 1900 World’s first B BB Billionaire when average wage was 14 cents an hour No income tax Worth $200 billion in today’s ($Bill Gates is worth about $70 billion)

A “Gusher” in Texas 1905

A lake of oil

Oil “Boom Town” in Texas

Oil Wells along a property line

The Chicago stockyards

“Hog butcher for the world…” Unloading hogs in Chicago

The soaking pit

Dressing carcasses

Ford’s Model T assembly line Ford began mass producing the Model T in the fall of It originally cost $850 – by the 1920s the cost was $250 – about $3000 today.

By 1924 Ford had produced over 10 million Model Ts – ½ of all the cars in the world at that time were Model Ts

John D. Rockefeller His Standard Oil Corporation controlled 90% of US oil business in 1900 World’s first B BB Billionaire when average wage was 14 cents an hour No income tax Worth $200 billion in today’s ($Bill Gates is worth about $70 billion)

The Corporation A form of business organization that became increasingly popular during the Industrial Revolution As businesses got bigger, it took larger and larger amounts of CAPITAL ($$) to start such a business 3 major advantages of a corporation: –C–C–C–Can raise money through the sale of STOCK – shares of ownership in the corporation –L–L–L–Limited Liability – stockholders are not liable for debts of the corporation larger than what they have already invested –I–I–I–Immortality – Corporations outlive their individual owners