00px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg

C9M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearth%2Blatitude%26start%3D180%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3 D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE- SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGLG%26sa%3DN  1. The influence of _Latitude__ on climate is part of the _Earth__-_Sun_ relationship. During the earth’s annual _revolution___ around the sun, the sun’s _direct_ _rays_ fall upon the planet in a regular pattern.  2. This pattern can be correlated with _bands_, or __zones_, of _latitude_ to describe climate regions. Within each latitude zone, the climate follows general patterns.  3. Complete the Chart below. Shade the following with colored pencils.  Low Latitudes=Blue  Mid-Latitudes=Lt. Blue  High Latitudes= White Low Middle High

Low Latitudes High Latitudes Middle Latitudes Polar Zone Temperate Zone Tropics Latitude Zones

7. At ALL latitudes elevation influences climate because of the relationship between the _elevation_of a place and it’s _temperature_. The earth’s atmosphere _thins_ as altitude __increases_. Thinner air retains less_heat_. As elevation increases, temperatures decrease about 3.5 ◦F for each _1,000_ feet.

3.5° (from formula) X 10 (how many thousands of feet the mountain is tall) 35° (how much colder at the top than the bottom) It is 75º at the base of a 10,000 ft. tall mountain. What is the temperature on top? First, count the thousands… (10,000) 75° (temperature at bottom) - 35° (how much colder at the top) 40 ° (temperature at the top)  Answer Second, multiply that number by 3.5… Third, Subtract that number from the temperature at the base to get the answer…

Wind and water combine with the effects of the sun to influence Earth’s weather and climate.  8. Winds occur because the sun heats up the earth’s atmosphere and surface unevenly__.  9. Rising warm air =__low pressure_ Falling cold air=__high pressure__ When cool air flows to replace the warm rising air. These movements over the earth’s surface causes _winds__, which distribute the sun’s heat around the planet.  10. Prevailing winds are global winds that blow in fairly constant patterns. The direction they blow is determined by_latitude__ and is effected by the earth’s __movement__. Because the earth rotates to the _east_, the global winds are displaced __clock-wise___in the Northern Hemisphere and _counter-clockwise ___ in the Southern Hemisphere. This phenomenon, called the __coriolis efect___, causes prevailing winds to blow diagonally rather than strict N-S/E-W lines.

The Coriolis force deflects to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere when viewed along the line of motion.

 11. Winds are named from the _direction_from which they blow, but sometimes given names from the early days of sailing. Due to their ability to move ships, prevailing winds of the Low Latitudes were called__trade___ winds.

12. Low Latitudes=Trade Winds=blow from the_northeast__towards the _equator_ from about 30ºN and from the _southeast_toward the equator from about latitude 30◦S. Mid-latitudes=Westerlies=blow diagonally _west__to _east___ between 30 between about 30◦N and 60◦N and between about 30◦S and 60◦S. High latitudes=Polar Easterlies= blow diagonally _east__to _west_pushing cold air toward the mid-latitudes. Doldrums= windless area along the equator

#12 cont. Horse Latitudes=Two narrow bands of calm air North of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn. The winds were named this because ships were stranded for weeks due to calm winds and sailors threw horses that died overboard.

O - OCEAN CURRENTS Currents are basically rivers in the ocean. They move around 4 miles an hour. The surface currents of the ocean are characterized by large gyres, or currents that are kept in motion by prevailing winds, but the direction of which is altered by the rotation of the earth.

 13. Ocean currents: Just as winds move in patterns, cold and warm streams of water, known as _currents__, move through the oceans. Ocean currents are caused by the same factors that cause winds, including the earth’s rotation, changes in air pressure, and differences in water temperature. The Coriolis effect is observed in Ocean current, too, causing, them to move in _clock-wise__ circles in the Northern Hemisphere and _counter-clock-wise__in the Southern Hemisphere.  14. As waters circulate, cold water from polar areas moves slowly toward the equator, warming as it moves through the Tropics. This water forms the __warm___ocean currents. The warm water in turn moves away from the equator, cooling to become a cold current.  15. Ocean currents affect climate in coastal lands they pass. Warm current=_warm_land temperatures (Wet) Cold Current=__cool__ land temperatures (Dry)  16. Example: The _North__ _Atlantic_ _Drift_, a warm water Gulf Stream current, flows near Western Europe. This current gives Europe a milder climate in spite of its northern latitude.

Wind and water work together to affect weather in another important way. Driven by temperature, condensation creates precipitation, moisture falling to earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, or snow.  17. The diagram shows the _Water Cycle_____  18. Number 2 represents: __Condensation______  19. Number 3 represents: __evaporation_____  20. Number 4 represents: __precipitation_____  21. Number 5 represents: _water__  22. Water soaks into the ground in the process known as __infiltration__.  23. Water transpired from plants is known as ___transpiration_.  Note #21 could be accumulation, Storage, any body of water

25. Mountain Barrier/ Orographic Effect: The windward side of the mountain. The moisture full clouds are too heavy to make it over the mountain so precipitation occurs, after the precipitation, the clouds have no moisture and are able to rise over the mountain. The side facing away from the wind is called the leeward side. The leeward side of a mountain is arid. The windward side has lush vegetation. The leeward side of a mountain is in the rain shadow and is usually a desert.. The moisture full clouds are too heavy to make it over the mountain so precipitation Windward Leeward Side rainshadow Arid Wind with Moisture Lush vegetation