Chapter 9 : Application Areas

2 Some Advance Application Areas of Computers  Software Development  Artificial Intelligence  Robotics  Industrial Automation  Games  Computer Graphics and Animations

3 Software Development  Development of system and application software  Basically concern about the development of application software: specifically special purpose software or Information Systems.

4 Basic Components of an Information System Front End Model (Program) Back End (Data Storage) -GUI (Graphical User Interface) -Command line Interface -Database -File System

5 Front End Model (Program) Database Management System (DBMS) Database Front End Model (Program) File System

6 Basic Types of Information Systems:  Centralized Information Systems (Standalone Systems)  all the components (Front-end, Program and Back-end) are located in a single machine.  Ex: Payroll system in a shop  Distributed Systems (Decentralized Systems)  components are distributed among several machines in several locations.

7 Distributed Systems  A software system in a multinational organization Database Front -end Front -end Program In Kandy In Colombo In the UK In the USA

8  Ex: Web-based systems (web-sites) (Online Systems) such as E-commerce websites (online shopping systems), …  The development of web-based systems are called web development. Distributed Systems Web Browser Web-program Database Web-Server in the UK Front-endModelBack-end Database-Server in the USA

9 Software Development Organizations  Organizations Mostly Concerned with General Purpose s/w development  Microsoft Cooperation – based in the US having branches around the world  Sun Microsystems – based in the US having branches around the world  IBM  Macromedia  Adobe  Symantec  Oracle

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11 Artificial Intelligence (AI)  What is Intelligence?  The ability to think beyond what is known. Person YPerson XPerson Z

12 AI  Who is this person? X, Y or Z?

13 AI  Who is this person? X, Y or Z? Person Y That is Intelligence

14 AI  AI is making this intelligence artificially in machines (computers)  Ex How to match these images to identify the person?

……. …… File ……. File 2 Conventional Technique of pattern matching – Comparing File 1 and File 2 – Not possible to recognize the image 2, unless the same image is given. digitize

16 Solution  AI Techniques  Artificial Neural Networks – resembles biological (human) neural network.  Used to represent knowledge (Machine Learning Technique)  Features:  Parallelism  Flexibility

17 AI Techniques  Fuzzy Logic  Based on Fuzzy Sets.  Deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than precise.  Invented in 1965 by Prof. Lotfi A. Zadeh  Used in control systems.  Ex: Fuzzy logic controlled washing machines.

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19 AI Techniques  Genetic Algorithm – based on Charles Darwin's Evolutionary Theory.  Decision Trees  Natural Computation Techniques  Statistical Techniques

20 Application Areas of AI  Computer Vision  Identification of objects in video and still images.  Image Processing + AI is used  Ex: Handwritten Character Recognition  Face Detection/Recognition  Iris Recognition  Fingerprint Recognition  Number plate Recognition  Medical Image Processing  Vision Systems in Robots … Face Detection

21 Computer Vision – Biometric Systems Fingerprint Recognition Iris Recognition Palm-print Recognition

22 Computer Vision Medical Image Processing Human Motion Detection

23 Robotics…  To program robots, computer programming is used.  To make the robot more intelligent  AI techniques are used.

24 Robotics… Robot Dog as a pet RoboCup

25 Industrial Automation…  How to use machines for manufacturing goods.  Computer programming is used to program those machines Robot Arm (Robot/Industrial Manipulator)

26 Industrial Automation…

27 Bioinformatics…  Basically concerned with the analysis of DNA data of species (Ex: Human genome has 3 billion base pairs).  Applications:  Gene Recognition  Gene Function Prediction  Protein Function Prediction  Identification of Mutated Genes  Identification of New Drug Targets  Customized Drugs

28 Data Mining…  Identification of hidden relationships of data by drilling through the data bases. Database containing the sales data of a company for the last 10 years. Patterns in sales - Which good is sold mostly in a particular season - discount seeking shoppers

29 Voice Recognition…  Recognition of human voice

30 Computer Games…  Some computer games have intelligence.

31 Graphics and Animations…  In Scientific and Cartoon Movies  In Advertisements

32 End of Chapter 9