Schizophrenia LO: to know what it is and what it looks like!!

Word Association Which 10 words do you associate with schizophrenia?

What is clinical psychology? Explaining mental illness: Treating mental illness:

Psychotic disorders A group of disorders with psychotic symptoms, ie the person loses touch with reality as in hallucinations or delusions Schizophrenia is the most common, where the person has disturbances in thought and perception, and bizarre behaviour

Definition Schizophrenia is characterised by a profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects language, thought, perception and sense of self

Definition Greek Word Skhizein = to split Phren = mind It is not split personality or multiple personality

WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality It is a psychotic disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality It has many different manifestations with a few shared features formerly referred to as: –Lunacy, madness or insanity

A disorder characterized by distortions in perception including senses such as light, hearing, taste, smell and touch but most commonly manifests as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking.

Definition “Schizophrenia is a generic name for a group of disorders characterised by a progressive disintegration of emotional stability, judgement, contact with, and appreciation of reality, producing considerable secondary impairment of personality relationships and functioning” Stafford-Clarke, 1964

Prevalence The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is 1% Men are more likely to suffer than women The onset is typically in late adolescence and early adulthood

CLASSIFICATION  POSITIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 1 Distortion of normal function  NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 2 Lack of normal function Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, under the control of an alien force, disordered thinking Apathy, no emotion, flat effect, social withdrawal, Alogia

Symptoms Positive symptoms are those that appear to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions Negative symptoms are those that appear to reflect a diminution or loss of normal functions

EVALUATION  Positive symptoms Can be affected by cultural differences Tend to have greater weight when diagnosing Hard to measure objectively  Negative symptoms Start before positive ones Sometimes start years before diagnosis Less affected by cultural factors More objectively measured

SUB TYPES  PARANOID Delusions, persecution, hallucinations  CATATONIC Immobile, catatonic stupors Wild, uncontrolled movements  DISORGANISED Giggling, pulling faces, flat effect.  RESIDUAL low level positive symptoms but psychotic symptoms present  UNDIFFERENTIATED Does not fit into any of above There are more than these but these are the main ones

EVALUATION OF SUBTYPES  Lacks precision  People don’t fit neatly into one or other subtype  Categorising people gives little or no indication of: Cause How it might develop Effective treatment

DIAGNOSIS Requires two or more POSITIVE symptoms For a period of at least a month Can only be done by a psychiatrist As yet there is no physical way to diagnose Current research is looking at blood test or eye tracking

Schizophrenia prevalence  1% lifetime risk in general population  Holds true for most geographical areas although rates do vary Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia; significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain (Torrey, 2002)  Risk factors include minority ethnicity, urban residence

Schizophrenia onset Source: CIHI (2001)

PROGNOSIS  ‘Rule of the thirds’ (rule of thumb): 1/3 recover more or less completely 1/3 episodic impairment 1/3 chronic decline  With treatment about 60% of patients manage a relatively normal life  Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies

Schizophrenia G8&feature=related G8&feature=related

Symptoms Task: the play dough to plan and create a Wallace and Gromit-esque play to show the symptoms of schizophrenia. The last two scenes need to include info on a subtype of the disorder The audience will then need to guess the subtype.

Finish Perform....

Biological Learning Psychodynamic Cognitive Social Remember: All areas of psychology can contribute to our understanding of peoples’ inability to function normally. developmental