Chapter 17.1: The Drive for Reform Molly Andrus

Origins of Progressivism  1890’s-due to industrialization, urbanization, and immigration  Wanted an honest government-believed that would bring social justice  Diverse group of people, all have same goal  Logic, reason, and faith (for some people)  Similar to Populist Movement in late 1800’s  Focused on politics, government, and social classes

Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform  Journalists dramatized need for reform  Roosevelt called them Muchrakers  Focused on the ugly side of life  Tool for manure  Conditions reveled made the conditions real to people  Lincoln Steffins- The Shame of Cities  Jacob Riis- Photographer  How the Other Half Lives  History of Standard Oil

Progressives Reform Society  Walter Rauschenbusch: Christianity is the basis for reform  Social Gospel  Aid to the poor: settlement houses  Jane Adams: Hull House  Fluorence Kelly worked to protect children  John Dewy worked for better education  Accidents were at an all time high at this time  Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire  March 25, 1911  Young immigrant women, no English, bad working conditions, 12 hour day  4 elevators but one worked  Narrow stairways that were locked and the doors in them opened in  145 died

Reforming Government  There was a need to reform political process to reform society  People have more power  Hurricane in Galveston, Texas  HUGE disaster but created the Galveston Plan  Some Populist ideas came back  Worked for initiative, referendum, and recall  Direct election of senators

Chapter 17.2: Women Make Progress By: Christine Radwill

Progressive Woman Expand Reforms  1900s- growing number of women wanted to do more than be housewives & mothers  1890s- growing number of women’s colleges prepared them for careers  Hard Ships:  Most women- working outside the house meant difficult jobs  Women were not supposed to keep their wages  labored in cigar or clothing factories

Reformers Champion Working Women’s Rights  Goal: to limit the number of work hours  Argument  long workdays harms women and their families  Based on a mother’s role women could be “properly placed in a class” by themselves  Result: laws could limit their work hours, even if a man’s could not be limited

Florence Kelley  Believed that women were hurt by unfair prices of goods they had to buy to run their homes  1899—found the National Consumers League (NCL)  NCL pushed for reforms—backed laws to inspect meatpacking plants  Kelley helped form Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)  pushed for laws that set a minimum wage and an 8 hour workday

Women work for Changes in Family Life  temperance movement —led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)  Margaret Sanger (nurse): thought family life and women’s health would improve if mothers had fewer children  first birth-control clinic  founded the American Birth Control League to info more available to women  Aimed to help families strive for success and assist less fortunate

Women Fight for the Right to Vote  Boldest goal of Progressive women— suffrage (the right to vote)  Argued this was the only way to make sure the gov’t would protect children  Women needed the vote b/c political issues reached inside people’s homes

(Continued)  National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)  helped women win the right to vote in 1918 (New York, Michigan, Oklahoma)  Introduced “society plan” to recruit wealthy, well- educated women  Some women worked against this The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage

Activists Carry on the Struggle  Alice Paul  organizing women to recruit others across the nation to help promote suffrage  she formed the National Women’s Party  public protest marches  first group to march with picket signs outside the White House

The Nineteenth Amendment Becomes a Law  When the US entered WWI in 1917 Catt and Kelley led the NAWSA to support the war effort  This action and actions of the NWP convinced a growing number of legislators to support a women’s suffrage amendment  June 1919  August 18,1920- Tennessee State House of Reps passed the amendments by one vote  November 2, millions of American women voted for the first time

How did Progressive women reformers propose to solve societal problems?  NCL  Margaret Sanger  NAWSA

Chapter 17 Section 3 By: Elena Milone

The Struggle against Discrimination  Prejudice and discrimination against minorities continued even as the Progressive Movement got underway

Progressivism Presents Contradictions  Progressive Era was no so progressive for nonwhites and immigrant Americans  Most Progressives were white Angelo-Saxon Protestant reformers who either ignore minorities or are actively mean to them  They tried to make the United States a model society by encouraging everyone to follow white, middle class ways of life

Social Reform or Social Control  Settlement houses and other civic groups played a prominent role in the Americanization efforts of many Progressives  There was belief that if immigrants became Americanized, they would become more loyal and moral citizens  Progressives believed that immigrants drinking alcohol expressed moral faults

Racism Limits the Goals of Progressivism  Many Progressives agreed with scientific theories expressing that dark-skinned people were less intelligent that whites  Late 1800s—southern Progressives used these theories to keep African Americans from voting  After the Supreme Court issued its Plessy v. Ferguson decisions, states across the nation passed segregation laws  After 1914, the offices of the federal government in Washington D.C., were segregated as a result of policies approved by President Woodrow Wilson, who was a Progressive

African Americans Demand Reform  Leaders who demanded better rights for African Americans  Booker T. Washington told blacks to move slowly toward racial progress  He believed that if African Americans work hard and be patient, they will receive white American’s respect  Could vote  W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter were the most outspoken  His views were different from Booker’s views  Said talented blacks should be taught history, literature, and philosophy, so they could think for themselves  Helped create the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)  Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans  Aimed to help African Americans be “physically free from forced, low-paid labor, mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disfranchisement, and socially free from insult”  Leaders include  White and black Progressives  Jane Addams  Ray Stannard Baker  Florence Kelley

African American Urban League  African Americans were migrating from rural to urban areas during this period  1911—more than 100 of these groups in many cities joined into a network called the Urban League  Network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities  Focused on poor workers  Helped families buy clothes and books and send children to school

Jews and Mexicans Targeted  1913—In response to growing anti- Semitism, the B’nai B’rith founded the Anti-Defamation League  In several states, Mexican Americans formed mutualistas  Groups that made loans and provided legal assistance  Had insurance programs to help members if they were too sick to work

Class Activity Guess Who???

 c57SdPyU

Sources  shirtwaist-fire shirtwaist-fire  q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd 