BY: MIA SASFAI THE TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES Benjamin Bloom

Background Benjamin Samuel Bloom born February 21, 1913 in Lansford, Pennsylvania Bloom had an insatiable curiosity about the world, was a voracious reader and thorough researcher. His educational success is first noted in the documenting of his 1931 graduation from high school as his classes’ valedictorian. He was a devoted family man and was an avid handball champion in College.

Background Completed his B.A. and M.A. degrees in psychology in four years Pennsylvania State University and University of Chicago Employed by:  Pennsylvania State Relief Organization.  American Youth Commission  American Educational Research Association Died September 13, 1999 (aged 86) in Chicago, Illinois

Accomplishments In 1956, Bloom headed a group of educational psychologists who developed a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. He served as an educational advisor to the governments of Israel, India and other nations. The following are some books written by Benjamin Bloom:  The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Hand-book I: The Cognitive Domain  All Our Children Learning: A Primer for Parents, Teachers, and Other Educators  Human Characteristics and School Learning  Stability and Change in Human Characteristics

Theory Information The SIX levels of taxonomy each require a HIGHER level of abstraction from the students. As a TEACHER, you should attempt to move students UP the taxonomy as they progress in their knowledge. STUDENTS should do more than just RECALL information; they need to be formed into CREATIVE thinkers.

Theory Information Bloom and his researchers wanted to INCREASE the rigor of INSTRUCTION and CHALLENGE learners to reach higher THOUGHT PROCESSES in learning.

Basic Points Cognitive Domain This domain relates to the learner’s knowledge and the development of intellectual abilities and skills, and consists of six major classes: Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

Theory Information

How It Works KNOWLEDGE is to recall, or to recognize terms, ideas, procedure, theories, etc. Tell, list, label, name COMPREHENSION is to translate, interpret, extrapolate, but not see full implications or transfer to other situations, closer to literal translation. Describe, contrast, discuss, predict

How It Works APPLICATION is to apply abstractions, general principles, or methods to specific concrete situations. Complete, solve, examine, illustrate, show ANALYSIS is to separate a complex idea into its constituent parts and an understanding of organization and relationship between the parts. Analyze, explain, investigate, infer

How It Works SYNTHESIS is to construct ideas and concepts from multiple sources to form complex ideas into a new pattern subject to given constraints. Invent, imagine, create, compose EVALUATION is to make a judgment of ideas or methods using external evidence or self-selected criteria substantiated by observations or informed rationalizations. Select, judge, debate, recommend,