Study Guide and Test Review A TOMIC S TRUCTURE. D RAW AND LABEL A SIMPLE MODEL OF THE ATOM. LABEL THE FOLLOWING : NUCLEUS, ELECTRON CLOUD, PROTONS, NEUTRONS,

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Presentation transcript:

Study Guide and Test Review A TOMIC S TRUCTURE

D RAW AND LABEL A SIMPLE MODEL OF THE ATOM. LABEL THE FOLLOWING : NUCLEUS, ELECTRON CLOUD, PROTONS, NEUTRONS, AND ELECTRONS.

S UBATOMIC P ARTICLES Subatomi c Particle Actual Mass ChargeLocation Proton1 amu Neutron1 amu Electron5.49 x amu +1 No charge Nucleus Electron Cloud

I MPORTANT FACTS  Atomic number = # of protons  Mass number = # of protons + # of neutrons  Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electron but a different number of neutrons.

NAME SYMBOL Atomic # MASS # proton s neutron s electro ns Neutral/Ion/Is otope CalciumCa Ion BromineBr Ion Tellurium Te Neutral Potassiu m K ion

The atomic mass listed on the periodic table is the. Average Atomic Mass

Calculate the average atomic mass for Chromium if 32% are Chromium-52, 8% are Chromium-53 and 60% are Chromium-51. Step 1: Change percent to relative abundance Relative abundance equals percent divided by 100.

Calculate the average atomic mass for Chromium if 32% are Chromium-52, 8% are Chromium- 53 and 60% are Chromium-51. Step 2: Make substitutions into formula Average = (RA) (mass) + (RA) (mass) + (RA) (mass) Atomic mass Average = (0.32)(52) + (0.08) (53) + (0.60 )(51) Atomic Mass

How many neutrons does carbon-14 have? How many neutrons does U-238 have? 8 146

What is an alpha particle? What is a beta particle? What is a gamma ray? (give the symbols for each) alpha beta gamma He 4242 e 0 y 0000

During radioactive decay, which is the parent atom? Which is the daughter atom? Parent Radiation particle + Daughter

Rate the three major types of radiation (alpha, beta, and gamma) in terms of their penetrating power (i.e. tell me which penetrates more than which). Explain why some types of radiation have a greater penetrating ability than others. The penetrating power of gamma is greater than beta which is greater than alpha. This is due to the size of the particles. Alpha is the largest particle while gamma is the smallest.

Write the equation showing the following isotopes undergoing alpha decay 185 Po  4 He Pb

Write the equation for beta decay for the following isotopes. 11 B  0 e + 11 C 5-16

Write the equation for gamma decay for the following isotopes. 218 Ra  0 y Ra

If a 20,000 atoms of a new isotope are made with a half life of 5 seconds, how many atoms will remain after 30 seconds? atoms

After 3 half-lives, only 25 grams of radioactive substance remain. How much of this substance did we start with? 200 grams

What is the half-life of the isotope graphed? Explain. 6.0 Days