Chapter 17 highlights APES 2015 Mrs. Thompson

Key Ideas Describe major categories of human health risks Identify major historical and emerging infectious diseases Describe major classifications of toxic chemicals Explain methods of risk analysis

Human Health Risks Rank each of the following causes of death in order from least to greatest – HIV/ Aides – Stroke – Automobile accidents – Prematurity – Diabetes – Diarrhea diseases – COPD – Heart Disease – Respiratory infection

Which of these are connected to environmental factors?

Three Categories of Risks Physical Biological Chemical Turn and talk…. Make a list of possible risks for each category

Three Categories of Risk PhysicalBiologicalChemical Natural DisastersColiform BacteriaPesticides/ Herbicides Solar IrradiationInfectious DiseaseCleaning Fluids Car accidentsGenetic DiseasesAsbestos Natural Radiation sources (Radon) ParasitesAir Pollution MalnutritionHeavy Metals

Top Risk Factors Acute diseases Chronic diseases Unsafe drinking water Tobacco use obesity Poor sanitation Malnutrition Sedentary lifestyle Which are the top factors in developed countries? Which are the top factors in developing countries?

Infectious Diseases Historic – Plague – Malaria – Tuberculosis Emerging – HIV/ AIDS – Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever – Mad Cow Disease – Avian Flu – West Nile Virus

Infectious Disease DiseaseSymptomsTransmission Treatment/ prevention Environmental connections

Toxicology-True or False? There are about 84,000 chemicals found in everyday objects About 200 chemicals in use today have undergone testing required by the EPA A study of umbilical cord blood found an average of 232 chemicals present Since 1976 the Toxic Substances Control Act has resulted in the banning of only 5 chemicals

TOP Five? Which are banned? – PCB- flame retardants… many environmental impacts – Halogenated CFC- stratospheric ozone depletion – Dioxin- pesticides – Asbestos- respiratory issues – Hexavalent Chromium- Erin Brocovitch….cancer

Five categories of chemicals Neurotoxins Carcinogens Teratogens Allergens Endocrine Disruptors A.Interfere with normal hormone function B.Cancer causing C.Over-activate the immune system D.Interfere with embryonic development E.Disrupt the central nervous system

Five categories of chemicals Neurotoxins Carcinogens Teratogens Allergens Endocrine Disruptors A.Insecticides, Mercury, and Lead B.Alcohol C.Birth control pills, estrogen/ testosterone and pesticides D.Asbestos, radon, formaldehyde, and tobacco E.Molds, particulates, pollen, and foods

Risk Management Acute study Sublethal effects LD50 Chronic study Epidemiology Retrospective study Prospective study Synergistic interactions Routs of exposure Persistence Construct a concept map for the following terms

Case Study What was the purpose behind the selection of each of the articles? Should the US continue using a “innocent until proven guilty” standard of risk management? Use at least three text based details to support your reasoning.

Standards of Risk Innocent until proven guilty principle Precautionary principle