Matter EQ: What is everything made of

Matter anything that takes up space (volume) & has mass all matter has 2 types of properties: 1) Physical Properties 2) Chemical Properties

Physical Properties characteristics that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance Density: how much mass in certain space D=M/V color Hardness Boiling point

Chemical Properties how a substance interacts with other substances produce different kinds of matter Rusting, burning, decomposing, digesting

Solids, Liquids, Gases 1) Solids ~definite shape and volume ~particles tightly packed together, not free to move very much 2) Liquids ~definite volume, no definite shape ~takes shape of its containers ~tightly packed, but still free to move a little

Solids, Liquids, and Gases 3) Gases ~no definite shape/volume ~particles are further apart and move faster and more freely

Atoms & Elements Elements A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances characteristic set of physical/chemical properties Rows Columns Follow trends 92 elements occur naturally

Atoms the smallest unit of an element Atomic number = protons Symbol Atomic mass (AU or g/mol) Mol e= 602,350,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms x ,350,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of C is 12.01g 1 page = 1,000,000 atoms

Atomic Structure 3 subatomic particles and their residency Nucleus = dense center (The mass of the atom) protons (+) neutrons (0) Electron Cloud/Energy Levels orbiting nucleus electrons (-) p 38 fig 2 Balance of the Cosmos + particles must be balanced by – particles Protons balanced by electrons

Mass Number The number of protons and neutrons in the Nucleus you can use an element’s atomic # and mass # to estimate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons Nitrogen: atomic # is 7 ; mass # is # protons = atomic # = 7 = # electrons # neutrons = (mass # - atomic #) = = 7.01

Isotopes Atoms of the same element that differ from each other in mass same # of protons, different # neutrons Some unstable Use to determine age of things Has very precise rate of decay Measurements are not always precise FIG 3 pg 39