KM3NeT deployment aspects Transportation – Deployment – Connection - Calibration Spyridon Koutsoukos

2UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Surface vessel deployment aspects Operations to be performed by the surface vessels Operations to be performed by the surface vessels Vessel requirements for each operation Vessel requirements for each operation Suitable vessel types for each operation Suitable vessel types for each operation Cost estimates for the acquisition of the needed vessels Cost estimates for the acquisition of the needed vessels Shore infrastructure requirements

Spyridon Koutsoukos3UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Shore infrastructure Storage area for DUs awaiting deployment Storage area for DUs awaiting deployment Dark room with counting room for pre- deployment/last minute testing Dark room with counting room for pre- deployment/last minute testing Testing facilities for mechanical and acoustic components e.g. hyperbaric chamber Testing facilities for mechanical and acoustic components e.g. hyperbaric chamber Dock with sufficient depth and crane capabilities Dock with sufficient depth and crane capabilities ROV storage and maintenance area ROV storage and maintenance area

Spyridon Koutsoukos4UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Operations to be performed by the surface vessels Surface vessels will be needed to perform the following operations: Transportation of the DUs from the shore to the deployment site Transportation of the DUs from the shore to the deployment site Deployment Deployment Connection to the power and data transfer network with an ROV Connection to the power and data transfer network with an ROVAdditionally Calibration with surface arrays Calibration with surface arrays A single vessel could however be used to perform more than one of these tasks as allowed by the deployment program

Spyridon Koutsoukos5UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE The Transport vessel if different from the deployment vessel Will be used to transport the DUs to the deployment site, but can also transport the deployment personnel. Flat open deck Flat open deck Crane (?) Crane (?) No Dynamic Postioning (DP) system or Differential GPS (DGPS) is required No Dynamic Postioning (DP) system or Differential GPS (DGPS) is required

Spyridon Koutsoukos6UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Suitable transport vessels Example open ferry The RV Meteor Most of the Vessels that were examined in the “surface vessel requirements” survey could be used as transport vessels. All ships can be equipped with a crane (if one is not already installed) and vessels with sufficient deck area (although it is still largely unknown) can be found. The decisive factor is most probably going to be the cost of each vessel. Example Offshore supply vessel Suitable transport vessel Suitable transport and deployment vessels

Spyridon Koutsoukos7UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE The Deployment vessel Will be used to deploy the DUs Sufficient deck area Sufficient deck area DGPS and DP system essential DGPS and DP system essential Positioning using acoustic LBL system Positioning using acoustic LBL system Large crane and/or A-frame Large crane and/or A-frame Winches capable to hold several km of rope Winches capable to hold several km of rope Accommodation for the crew and possibly for the deployment personnel Accommodation for the crew and possibly for the deployment personnel Bathymetry system and monitoring equipment (e.g. for tiltmeters, accelerometers, current meters, etc) may be needed Bathymetry system and monitoring equipment (e.g. for tiltmeters, accelerometers, current meters, etc) may be needed

Spyridon Koutsoukos8UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Suitable Deployment vessels The CS Teliri The R/V Castor 2 Only vessels with DP and DGPS systems can be used. A DP system is not easy to install on a ship that is not built to use one. Research vessels and platforms, cable ships and Offshore Supply Vessels can be used with some modifications The R/V Delta Berenike

Spyridon Koutsoukos9UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE The ROV Support vessel After a successful deployment, an ROV will be needed to connect the DUs to the power/data transfer network Open deck to host the ROV and equipment (150 m 2 minimum) (see WPM report) Open deck to host the ROV and equipment (150 m 2 minimum) (see WPM report) Deck should be able to withstand the pressure exerted by the weight of the equipment Deck should be able to withstand the pressure exerted by the weight of the equipment Crane, if the ROV does not have its own, dedicated crane Crane, if the ROV does not have its own, dedicated crane DP system not necessary, but it is advisable DP system not necessary, but it is advisable

Spyridon Koutsoukos10UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Suitable ROV support vessels Research Vessels and cable ships have successfully hosted ROVs in the past. Offshore Supply Vessels and open ferries could also be used The R/V Aegaeo The Cable ship Certamen Example open ferry Example PSV The R/V Delta Berenike

Spyridon Koutsoukos11UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE The Calibration vessel A surface detector array will be located as required above the KM3NeT to monitor and track cosmic rays traveling towards the undersea detector. A typical data taking period of 10 days is expected. Deck with minimum instrumented area of m 2 Deck with minimum instrumented area of m 2 DP system useful DP system useful DGPS and heading information with recording equipment DGPS and heading information with recording equipment A vessel with minimal vertical movement and roll is preferable A vessel with minimal vertical movement and roll is preferable Accommodation for the crew and a couple of scientists Accommodation for the crew and a couple of scientists

Spyridon Koutsoukos12UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE The R/V Delta Berenike Suitable calibration vessels Example PSV DP platforms and PSVs or Research vessels equipped with DP systems are the preferred options. Open ferries are not very suitable for the task, as the are not very stable in rough weather conditions. However open ferries could be used as a limited cost solution once equipped with DGPS and should hold position by manual action. Example open ferry

Spyridon Koutsoukos13UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Some unknown factors that affect the cost There are still many unknown aspects, that can greatly affect the number and the cost, of the surface vessels that will be needed: Deployment Strategy Deployment Strategy Production and deployment frequency Production and deployment frequency Folded or expanded DUs Folded or expanded DUs Schedule of the DU connection to the power/data transfer network Schedule of the DU connection to the power/data transfer network Deployment site – distance from shore Deployment site – distance from shore Size of vessels for safety Size of vessels for safety Size of vessels to minimise transits Size of vessels to minimise transits Deployment crew accommodation (Ship or shore) Deployment crew accommodation (Ship or shore) Cost is a strong function of distance

Spyridon Koutsoukos14UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Cost estimates Purchase or building Cost for a new 65m PSV or AHTS could exceed 40M US$. Used vessels can be found from 5M US$ depending on size, condition and equipment Cost for a new 65m PSV or AHTS could exceed 40M US$. Used vessels can be found from 5M US$ depending on size, condition and equipment A 60m new open ferry would cost more than 2M €. Used vessels can be found much cheaper however due to limitations on the age of passenger ships that apply in some countries. A 16m open ferry more than 30 years old can be found for about 100k € A 60m new open ferry would cost more than 2M €. Used vessels can be found much cheaper however due to limitations on the age of passenger ships that apply in some countries. A 16m open ferry more than 30 years old can be found for about 100k €

Spyridon Koutsoukos15UoA - NESTOR INSTITUTE Cost estimates Chartering Chartering an open ferry would cost about €/day, depending on duration and operations Chartering an open ferry would cost about €/day, depending on duration and operations Chartering a Cable ship would cost between 25k€ - 70k€ per day, depending on the ships specifications, contract duration and type of operation. As an example, the “Teliri” would cost around 65k € per day Chartering a Cable ship would cost between 25k€ - 70k€ per day, depending on the ships specifications, contract duration and type of operation. As an example, the “Teliri” would cost around 65k € per day Chartering a medium sized Platform supply vessel with Dynamic positioning system and overall length of about 60m would cost about 35k US$ per day Chartering a medium sized Platform supply vessel with Dynamic positioning system and overall length of about 60m would cost about 35k US$ per day Chartering a Research vessel would cost around 11k-20k € per day. For example the R/V “Aegaeo” would cost about 11k € per day while a larger R/V like the “Meteor” would cost about 20k €/day Chartering a Research vessel would cost around 11k-20k € per day. For example the R/V “Aegaeo” would cost about 11k € per day while a larger R/V like the “Meteor” would cost about 20k €/day