Greatness of history By : john singer

Zheng He Chinese famous navigator,born in south west china in He was from a poor Chinese Muslim family. He opened doors so that china, India, and Africa could trade. Defeated the Yuan dynasty, and he was rewarded with a post from the government. Zheng He was giving command over the Chinese navy.

Vasco DaGama DaGama was a Portuguese explorer and navigator. First person to sailed directly from Europe to India. He was born in 1460 into a noble family Vasco was commanded to a Portuguese expedition to find maritime route to east. Setting off in 1497 in July dagama created and all water route from Europe to Asia.

Christopher Columbus Columbus an explorer and a navigator. He was born in 1451 in genoa. In 1476 Columbus’s first voyage into the Atlantic ocean almost cost him his life. participated in several other expeditions to Africa.In 1492, Columbus left Spain in the Santa Maria with the Pinta and the Nina along side. He has been recognized for opening up the Americas to European colonization

Ferdinand Magellan Magellan was a Portuguese explorer in charge of a Spanish fleet. He was born in 1480 in Sabrosa. Magellan believed that the Spice Islands could be reached by sailing west through the New World. He proposed this idea to Manuel I, the Portuguese king, but was rejected. Looking for support Magellan moved on to share his plan with the Spanish king.

James cook James cook was a British explorer and a astronomer,who went on many voyages to the pacific ocean, artic, Antarctic,and around the world. Cook was born in 1728 in Marton, England. Sailed for new England Mapped new Zeland and Australian coast

Samuel de Champlain Champlain was a French explorer. He was born in France in Cook founded Quebec himself When war broke out between France and Great Britain, he was captured and taken to England. He was later released and returned to Quebec which he had previously founded. He is known as the "The Father of New France".

Impact of the Columbian exchange today Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. Beginning after Columbus' discovery in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of expansion and discovery. The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic.

European exploration and the astrolabe The history of the astrolabe started more than two thousand years ago. true astrolabes were made before A.D The astrolabe was highly developed in the Islamic world by 800 and was introduced to Europe from Islamic Spain in the early 12th century. It was the most popular astronomical instrument until about 1650, when it was replaced by more specialized and accurate instruments. Astrolabes are still appreciated for their unique capabilities and their value for astronomy education.

tokugawa Was a Japanese emperor Tokugawa Ieyasu was born Matsudaira Takechiyo in One of the most significant figures in Japanese history, Ieyasu was a warrior, statesman founder of the Tokugawa dynasty of shoguns. In Ieyasu, whose father's death had left him as leader of the Matsudaira, allied with Oda Nobunaga, a powerful neighbour. It was at this time that he changed his name from Matsudaira to Tokugawa, which was the name of the area from which his family originated. He also changed his personal name to Ieyasu, so he was now known as Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Ottoman empire The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest and longest lasting Empires in history. It was an empire inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic institutions. It replaced the Byzantine Empire as the major power in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Ottoman Empire reached its height under Suleiman the Magnificent reigned when it expanded to cover the Balkans and Hungary, and reached the gates of Vienna.

Safavid empire The Safavid Empire lasted from It covered all of Iran, and parts of Turkey and Georgia The Safavid Empire was a theocracy The state religion was Shi'a Islam All other religions, and forms of Islam were suppressed The Empire's economic strength came from its location on the trade routes The Empire made Iran a centre of art, architecture, poetry and philosophy The capital, Isfahan, is one of the most beautiful cities in the world The key figures in the Empire were: The Empire declined when it became complacent and corrupt

Mughal empire The Mughals brought many changes to India Centralised government that brought together many smaller kingdoms Delegated government with respect for human rights Persian art and culture Persian language mixed with Arabic and Hindi to create Urdu Periods of great religious tolerance A style of architecture A system of education that took account of pupils' needs and culture

Copernicus Copernican Revolution which overturned the Ptolemaic picture of Earth as the center of the universe. He did not change the world as Christ did, but he changed the way the world is understood. He stands in the line of such Catholic scientists as Pascal the mathematician Created the idea that the earth orbit the sun.

Galileo Created the telescope an Italian scientist who supported Copernicanism refined his theories on motion and falling objects, and developed the universal law of acceleration which all objects in the universe obeyed.

Affect of imperialism on Asia and Africa Countries in Africa were eliminated to make room for the increase in European control. All of Africa was controlled by Europe with the exception of 2 independent territories

Young Turks In 1908 this nationalist group of Turks took control of the government. The Young Turks hoped to modernize Turkey, created constitutional government Turkish military power and keep safe what was left of the Ottoman Empire. Some reforms were made but the Young Turks failed to stop the breakup of the Empire1908 they could not prevent Bulgarian independence in Turkey was defeated by Italy and was forced to cede Tripoli in , Turkish forces were defeated by the Balkan states Turkey joined Germany against the Allies and again met defeat.

Russo-Japanese The Russo-Japanese War was fought for control over Manchuria. Japan offered to recognize Russia rights in Manchuria if the Russians would agree to stay out of Korea but the Russians refused. The Japanese drove Russian troops out of Korea and captured most of Russia’s Pacific fleet. It also destroyed Russia’s ocean fleet, which had sailed all the way around Africa to participate in the war. A peace treaty was signed in 1905 giving Japan the captured territories and forcing Russia to withdraw from Manchuria and to stay out of Korea.

Karl Marx economy was affected by their ideas, mostly Smith. Marx had brilliant insights into the workings of an economy and thought extensively about the mathematical side of economics. His radical political theory and influence on past violent communist leaders has placed a dark cloud over the teaching and study of him. Political theory aside, however Marx’s writings are valuable and in regard to the specific mechanisms of an economic system. Smith is not called the father of modern economics for naught. The idea of the laws of supply and demand and the invisible hand can be found in high school and college economics textbooks around the globe. Aside from the mistaken labor theory of value, Smith’s economic and moral theories are respected and employed in teachings, analysis, and application of modern free-trade economic systems today.

Newton Newton was an physicist and mathematician is credited as one of the great minds of the 17th century Scientific Revolution Created three laws of gravity optics and color in 1672 these notes were later published as part of Newton Optics: Or of the Reflections, Refraction, Inflexions and Colors of Light.