SHREE SA’D VIDYA MANDAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SR.NO ENROLLMENT NO NAME OF STUDENT KALPESH PAREMAR PINAL PADHIYAR JIGAR PANCHAL VASISTH PANDYA HARSHAD PARMAR

WALL FINISHES

TOPICS:  Plastering  Pointing  Painting

PLASTERING Plastering is the process of covering rough surface of walls, columns, ceilings and other building components with thin coat of plastic mortars to form a smooth durable surface. The coating of plastic material is termed as plaster.

 To combine the cost effectiveness of lime mortar and good quality of cement mortar many use lime-cement mortar of proportion (cement : lime : sand) of 1 : 1 : 6 or 1 : 1 : 8 or 1 : 2 : 8  The objective of plastering are: 1.to conceal defective workmanship 2. to give smooth surface to avoid catching of dust.

P URPOSES OF P LASTERING 1) To provide an even, smooth, clean and durable finished surface. 2) To give decorative effect. 3) To protect the surfaces from atmospheric influences. 4) To protect surfaces against vermit and dust. 5) To conceal defective workmanship. 6) To provide a satisfactory base for decorating the surface by applying white- washing, painting, distempering.

R EQUIREMENTS OF GOOD PLASTER 1) It should provide a smooth, non- absorbent and washable surface. 2) It should be hard and durable. 3) It should adhere firmly to the surface and resist the effects of weather agencies such as rain, heat etc. 4) It should possess good workability. 5) It should be cheap.

6) It should be cheap. 7) It should offer good insulation against sound and high resistance against fire. 8) It should not contract in while drying and setting.

T ECHNICAL TERMS USED IN PLASTERING Background Blistering Cracking Crazing Dado Dots Dubbing out Finishing coat Flaking Gauging Grinning Hacking Keys Laitance Peeling

TOOLS FOR PLASTERING 1) PLUMB BOB:- These are used in screeds perfectly in a vertical plane.

2) G AUGING TROWEL :- A gauges trowel is used for gauging small

FINISHING TROWELS

GAUGING TROWELS

PLASTERER HAWKS

OUTSIDE CORNER TROWEL INSIDE CORNER TROWEL

POINTING

The term pointing is applied to the finishing of mortar joints in masonry. Pointing is done in order to protect the joints from weather effects and also to improve the appearance of building structure. Pointing being cheap, can be adopted in places of low rainfall.

M ORTAR FOR P OINTING LIME : 1 : 2 (1 LIME: 2 SAND ) CEMENT : 1: 3 ( 1 CEMENT : 3 SAND )

METHOD OF POINTING Pointing of mortar joints in exposed brick or stone masonry is carried out basically in two operations, namely, 1) Masonry face joints are raked out to a depth of about 15mm, and 2) The joints so formed, are then filled up by a suitable mortar of a richer mix.

TYPES OF POINTING 1) FLUSH POINTING 2) CUT POINTING 3) STRUCK POINTING 4) RECESSED POINTING 5) KEY POINTING 6) GROOVE POINTING 7) BEADED POINTING 8) TUCK POINTING

FLUSH POINTING IN THIS TYPE, THE RAKED JOINTS ARE FILLED UP BY MORTAR AND FINISHED OFF FLUSH WITH THE FACE OF WALL. IT IS VERY DURABLE AND IT DOES NOT PROVIDE LODGING OF DUST, DIRT, WATER ETC.

CUT POINTING IN THIS TYPE, THE FACE OF THE POINTING, INSTEAD OF KEEPING VERTICAL, IS KEPT SLOPING INWARDS.

STRUCK POINTING IN THIS TYPE, THE FACE OF THE POINTING IS KEPT SLOPING OUTWARDS.

RECESSED POINTING IN THIS TYPE, THE FACE OF THE POINTING KEPT VERTICAL, AND IS PRESSED INSIDE THE PLANE OF THE WALL BY MEANS OF A SUITABLE TOOL.

KEY POINTING IN THIS TYPE, THE RAKED JOINTS, ARE FIRST FILLED UP FLISH WITH THE FACE OF WALL, AND THEN A RECTAGULAR OR SEMI – CIRCULAR NOTCH IS FORMED BY A TOOL KNOWN AS ‘POINTER’ OR ‘NAILA’.

GROOVED POINTING IT IS SIMILAR TO THE KEY PONTING, BUT THE SIZE OFD GROOVE IS BIGGER.

BEADED POINTING IN THIS TYPE, WE RAKED JOINTS ARE FIRST FILLED UP WITH MORTAR AND FINISHED FLUSH WITH THE FACE OF THE WALL AND THEN BEAD IS FORMED BY A STEEL ROD WITH A CONCAVE EDGE.

TUCK POINTING IN THIS TYPE, THE RAKED JOINTS ARE FIRST FILLED UP WITH MORTAR AND FINISHED FLUSH WITH THE FACE OF THE WALL. A GROOVE 5mm WIDE AND 3mm DEEP IS FORMED IN THE CENTRE. THIS GROOVE IS THEN FILLED IN WITH WHITE CEMENT PUTTY, KEPT PROJECTING BEYOND THE FACE OF THE WALL BY 3mm.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN… PLASTERING & POINTING

PLASTERING ……IS THE PROCESS OF COVERING ROUGH SURFACES OF WALLS, COLUMNS, CEILINGS AND OTHE BUILDING COMPONENTS WITH THIN COAT OF PLASTIC MORTAR TO FORM A SMOOTH DURABLE SURFACE.

POINTING ……IS THE PROCESS OF FINISHING OF MORTAR JOINTS IN MASONRY.

MORTAR PROPRTIONS… PLASTERINGPOINTINGS CEMENT MORTAR 1 : 4 TO 1 : 6CEMENT MORTAR 1 : 3 LIME MORTAR 1 : 1LIME MORTAR 1 : 2

WHAT IS PAINT? A substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid) dries to form a hard coating. Paints are made up of four components: pigment, binder, solvent/liquid carrier, and additives.

Paint is sold in two forms: Alkyd and Latex. Both types are sold in ready mixed colors and special order colors. 37

ALKYD PAINT Solvent-based may be oil or synthetic resin called ALKYD. Alkyd dries more quickly than oil based paints, does not contain lead. Alkyd paint is durable, washable and often used in kitchens and bathrooms. It requires a primer or base coat and a solvent to clean up.

L ATEX PAINT Latex is easily applied over bare wallboard without a primer. Cleanup is easy with soap and water. These paints dry fast and have minimal odor. 39

Paint is available in gloss, semi- gloss, eggshell, flat, textured and glazes. 40 eggshell gloss

S PONGING Paint is applied with a sponge over a base coat, giving a mottled or blotchy texture. 41

S PATTERING Paint on a brush is flipped onto the base coat, giving a speckled appearance. 42

S TRIPLING Similar to sponging, but a more delicate effect is achieved by using a stripling brush to apply a colored paint lightly over the base color. 43

R AGGING One or more colors are applied over the base coat, and then partly removed by blotting or rolling with a rag to achieve a marbleized effect. 44

C OLOR WASHING A coat of thinned paint or glaze is lightly applied over a base coat of another color. 45

G LAZING Layers of one or more transparent colors are applied on Glazing Color Wash Faux Finish Painting by The Woolie.mp4 top of a base coat. The result gives the illusion of various depths on the wall.Glazing Color Wash Faux Finish Painting by The Woolie.mp4 46

F AUX FINISHES French word meaning false. Faux finishes simulate the look of another materials, such as a stone or wood, by using various techniques to apply paints to a surface. More popular finishes are marble, granite, and wood grain looks. 47

STENCILING Applying paint by using a cutout form to outline a design or lettering. Can be created or purchased. Can vary from simple to complex and may involve using several paints to achieve the proper detail or effect

H OW MUCH PAINT DO I NEED ? To estimate the amount of paint you need in order to cover the walls of a room: add together the length of all the walls then multiply the number by the height of the room from floor to ceiling. The number you get is the room's square footage. 49

Now you have to determine how much of that square footage is paintable surface area. Because you use a different paint on the doors and windows, subtract those areas from the room total. No sweat, just subtract 20 square feet for each door and 15 square feet for each average-sized window in the room. 50

You end up with a number that is close to the actual wall area you have to cover with paint. In general, you can expect 1 gallon of paint to cover about 350 square feet. 51

N OW THE MATH ! Divide the paintable wall area by 350. This will indicate the number of gallons of paint you will need. Always round up to the nearest whole number to assure yourself you have enough paint! 52

Remember batch numbers are important with paint too! There are on-line paint calculators available to make this an easier process! 53

W ALLPAPER Wallpaper has been used to cover walls since the 16th century in Europe and since colonial times in America. Ancient Chinese used rice paper as early as 200 B.C. 54

The use of wallpaper can change the apparent dimensions of a room. A bold, bright wallpaper pattern can make a room appear smaller and a scenic pattern can make a room seem more spacious. 55

Before purchasing wallpaper, you should bring home a large sample to try for color and pattern. Wallpaper can be washable, scrub able and strippable. 56

Vinyl-faced wallpaper is backed with fabric or heavy paper, it is durable, stain resistant, waterproof and popular. 57

E MBOSSED WALLPAPER has texture rolled into the paper during the manufacturing process. Raised surface areas as a part of the design, can be used to create a formal effect. 58

G RASS C LOTH Is made of loosely woven plant fibers that are backed with paper. 59

B ORDERS Narrow strips of decorative wallpaper used around doors, windows, and areas where walls and ceilings meet or on wall in various heights parallel to the floor. Borders can be used alone or with other wall coverings. 60

M URALS Murals are complete scenes that do not have a repeat. Some murals may require nine or ten panels to complete the scene murals are usually placed on only one wall in a room. 61

P RE - PASTED WALLPAPER is easy to “hang.” It must be soaked briefly in water before hanging. 62

Strippable wallpaper is easily strippable, which means that it can be removed from the wall easily. Other papers must be removed by steaming and scraping. 63

R EUSABLE WALLPAPER Affordable, reusable, self adhesive, wall decals 64

When purchasing wallpaper, match the batch numbers on all of the rolls purchased to insure colors match. 65

W OOD P ANELING gives a warm attractive appearance to a room. It requires little maintenance. It comes in a variety of forms and prices. 66

S OLID WOOD is attractive but expensive. Manufactured paneling is a thin layer of fine wood bonded to less expensive wood. 67

P LASTIC LAMINATE is layers of paper and resins baked and printed to resemble wood grain. This is glued to a plywood backing. 68

M OLDING Molding is strips of wood or resin used for trim or ornamentation in a room. The main purpose is to finish of a window, door, wall or to prevent damage to the wall. 69

Crown molding is hung were the ceiling meets the wall. 70

Plate/Picture rail is a wide molding hung 6 feet off the ground used for display purposes. 71

Chair Rail is hung 3 feet from the floor to prevent the backs of chairs from damaging walls or for decoration. 72

B ASEBOARD / KICKBOARDS hide the break between the wall and floor. 73

GRG: GLASS REINFORCED GYPSUM Glass Reinforced Gypsum (GRG): is used to make shapes that used to be made of plaster; column covers, domes, and molded to nearly any shape. GRG is much stronger than standard gypsum board.

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