Animal Systems Intro. to Ag

The Skeletal System Function: __________and _________ Protects _________ Provides ___________ Made up of: __________ __________ _________ (muscle) ___________

The Skeletal System Cartilage ≤Firm tissue, not as hard as bone, somewhat flexible ≤Found more dominantly in immature animals ≤Over time, hardens into bone, increases bone size ≤Sometimes used to determine age of animal at slaughter

The Skeletal System Bones ≤Attach to muscles ≤Provide means for movement ≤Storage of body’s mineral supply ≤Blood formation in hollow centers

The Skeletal System Bone Structure –Outer layer that cushions the hard portion of the bone and aids in repair: PERIOSTEUM –Layer of hard mineral matter: COMPACT BONE Mostly calcium –Spongy appearing layer containing marrow to create blood cells: SPONGY BONE –Inside, hollow portion of the bone for storage of fat cells and energy: YELLOW MARROW

The Skeletal System Types of Bones –Long Bones –Short Bones –Irregular Bones –Flat Bones –Joints

The Skeletal System Long Bones »Examples: Leg Bones, Arm Bones, Rib Bones (ML), Pelvic Bones (ML) »ML= Modified Long Bones

The Skeletal System Short Bones »Examples: Bones found in the joints and serve as hinges

The Skeletal System Irregular Bones »Examples: Vertebrae

The Skeletal System Flat Bones »Examples: Bones in Head

The Skeletal System Joints »Connect Bones with tough tissue called ligaments

The Skeletal System Skeletal System Project! Separate into groups of 3

Muscular System Function: –Allow Movement –Allow proper functioning of organs 3 types of muscles : –Skeletal –Smooth –Cardiac

Muscular System Skeletal Muscles –Most muscles –Allow movement –Long and narrow –Voluntary Muscles –Muscles connect to bones using tendons

Muscular System Skeletal Muscles (Con’t) –Many mitochondria and striated –2 types of skeletal muscles Red muscles (high myoglobins, slow contraction, endurance) –Leg, thigh, and arm muscles White muscles (Low myoglobins, fast contraction, strong, fatigue easily) –Chest and breast muscles

Muscular System Smooth Muscles –Controls movements of internal organs –One nucleus and no striation –Involuntary Muscles

Muscular System Cardiac Muscles –Controls the heart –Shares characteristics of smooth and skeletal muscles –Amazing stamina

Digestive System BELL RINGER!!! On a piece of paper, draw the path food takes from when it enters the body until it reaches the end of the digestive system

Digestive System Function –Takes _______and turns it into _________ Two main types of systems: –_____________

Digestive System Monogastric –Simple ___________ –_______ compartment –Examples: _____________ –

Digestive System –What makes a horse different? What is a _________?

Digestive System Monogastrics (con’t) Cannot eat large amounts of __________ –Foods must have _______ ____________ of nutrients What are the three sections of the small intestine? ____________

Digestive System Define their function: Mouth Teeth Tongue Saliva Esophagus Stomach Small Intestines Large Intestines Colon Rectum

Digestive System Ruminant –____________________ Stomach –Able to break down _________ amounts of roughage –Animals ______________ their food Balls of food are known as ________

Digestive System What makes a ruminant’s mouth so special? Saliva is high in pH –Because of __________ and ______________

Digestive System True or False: Ruminants have four stomaches.

Digestive System Four parts of the Ruminant Stomach: –____________

Digestive System R____________ (____________) –“____________” for indigestible materials (_________, stones, etc.) –Assists in ________________ Strong muscles contract to move ____________ back up the esophagus – Separates _________ and ________

Digestive System R________ (___________) –Covered in _____________ Aid in the ________________________ –________________ are broken down here Fatty Acid and ___________ –Holds ____ to ____ gallons

Digestive System O_________ (_______________) –Lined with blunt muscular papillae –Papillae grind roughage

Digestive System A____________ (__________________) –Acts and looks like a ____________ stomach –Connects to the small intestine

Respiratory System Function: –Takes _________ from the air and puts it in the __________________ Begins with the __________ or ________

Respiratory System Air as it travels through the body – –__________ / ___________ –___________ (common passageway for food, water, and air) –_____________ –_____________ / ____________ –_____________ –____________ (two branches) –_______________

Respiratory System What is the importance of the diaphragm? –________________________________ –When it __________ it goes _______ and air goes _______ the lungs –When it __________ it comes _____ and _________ air _____ of the lungs

The Circulatory System Function: –To transport __________, _______, and oxygen throughout the body –Cleanse body by carrying _______ materials to ___________ and __________ glands Consists of: Heart Blood Arteries Veins Capillaries

Circulatory System The center of the system is the heart Heart: –Divided lengthwise by muscle called ________ –Divided width wise to make ______ distinct chambers –___________ and _____________

Circulatory System Blood Vessels –___________ – ______________ Blood –________ – Oxygen _______ Blood –_______________ – Tiny vessels that reach all part of an animals body

Circulatory System What is special about the pulmonary vein and artery?

Circulatory System Blood –____ of bloods contents is __________ Which helps suspend different substances –3 types of blood cells

The Nervous System Function: –To control all _____________ and _____________ in the body Parts: –__________ –________ _______________ –__________

The Nervous System The Brain – Five parts: –__________ –___________ –_________________ –_______ –__________________

Endocrine System Function: -To secrete ____________ -______________ control vital bodily functions like _________ and ____________

Endocrine System What are the major glands? –__________ –________ –_________ –________