Because of the large file size of the PowerPoint slide presentation used in the “Planning for Natural Hazards and Climate Change Adaptation” session; we have modified the following slide set to remove most of those that contained a large number of photographs. If you desire a complete copy of the PowerPoint presentation for this session; please contact Gavin Smith at

North Carolina Emergency Management 2015 Spring Conference Cherokee, North Carolina Planning for Natural Hazards and Climate Change Adaptation Gavin Smith, Ph.D., AICP Research Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of City & Regional Planning Director Department of Homeland Security - Coastal Resilience Center of Excellence

Overview Organizing Principles of Book Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities Hazard Mitigation and Disaster Recovery Case Study: Mississippi and Hurricane Katrina Role of States in Disaster Recovery Emergency Manager’s and Climate Change Adaptation

Organizing Principles of Book Poor Coordination between Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Hazards Risk Management Community (Hazard Mitigation, Disaster Recovery) Application of International Case Studies Disasters and Lesson Drawing

Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities Slow-Onset and Episodic Extreme Events (disasters) Differing timescales Differing spatial scales (global-local) Differing camps of researchers and practitioners Knowledge base and terminology (physical science/engineering, social sciences, planning); hazard mitigation/adaptation

Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities Political Impediments Exceeding political timescales/election cycles Institutional and Resource Limitations Need for new institutions/maximization of boundary spanning organizations/Underutilization of existing natural hazards risk management institutions Limited funding for climate change adaptation? Costs of adaptation uncertain Protecting coastal infrastructure to 3 foot sea level rise (estimate 100 billion (New Orleans Levee 14 billion-100 year event); Rebuilding communities in coastal Mississippi Presidential Executive Order – Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Federal Policy

Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities Identifying the Problem and Asking the Right Questions Shared understanding of the problem/goal setting/involvement Framing the problem (vision and goal setting) Engagement (participatory planning) Assuming responsibility for implementation and monitoring over time Assessing Risk Hazards Analysis: Magnitude, intensity, duration, scale Vulnerability Analysis: Likelihood and consequences

Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities Designing and Implementing Pre- and Post-Disaster Adaptation Strategies Natural resource protection Education and Outreach Land use Retrofitting critical public facilities and infrastructure Relocation and resettlement Insurance Disaster Management Policies Disaster Mitigation Act Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act

Hazard Mitigation Definitions: Any sustained action taken to reduce long-term risk to human life and property from natural hazards (FEMA) Pre- and Post-Event Actions Policy Planning 5-Year Study of Local Mitigation Plans Poor connection between risk assessment and identified projects Lack of land use measures Limited discussion of climate change 9

Defining Disaster Recovery Disaster Recovery: The differential process of restoring, rebuilding, and reshaping the physical, social, economic, and natural environment through pre-event planning and post-event actions (Smith and Wenger 2006) Need to add elements of climate change adaptation Learning, coping, varied timescales of “recovery”, flexibility, resilience

Further Describing Disaster Recovery Disasters Uncover/Expose Pre-Event Conditions Hazard vulnerability, including socially vulnerable populations Planning culture Other conditions? Disaster as “Opportunity” Incorporation of sustainable development principles / resilience Incorporation of hazard mitigation Equity/social justice Opportunity for whom? Temporal Dimension: Speed versus Deliberation; Time compression

Mississippi Governor’s Office of Recovery and Renewal Implementation Focus Institutionalizing State and Local Capability (beyond Stafford Act) Three Objectives (resources) Identification of Funding Policy Counsel Education, Outreach, and Training Boundary Spanning Organization

Mississippi Renewal Forum and New Urbanism New Urbanists Form-Based Plans Pattern Book Smart Code Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Design Practice and Disaster Recovery? Climate Change Adaptation? Participatory Planning (Charrette)? Emergency Housing

Mississippi Alternative Housing Program 400 Million Dollar Congressional Appropriation State Pilot to Develop Improved Emergency Housing Alternatives MS, LA, AL Mississippi Cottage, Green Mobile and Park model Transitional/Permanent Housing/Adaptive Re-use

Transitional Housing Hazard Mitigation and Temporary Housing (site design and foundation construction) Developing Housing Alternatives after a Major Disaster Adaptive re-use Resettlement Option?

Natural Hazards Risk Hazards Management Lessons in Mississippi Remapping Mississippi’s Coastal Floodplains Secondary policy impacts, migration of coastal residents, and the construction of new inland communities The role of the design community in disaster recovery, hazard mitigation, and climate change adaptation Adopting new building codes and flood ordinances is not enough; techniques should be coupled with land use measures Creating and Sustaining a State Disaster Recovery Organization Committed to Natural Hazards Risk Management (including climate change-induced/exacerbated hazards)

Emergency Manager’s and Climate Change Adaptation Connectivity Across Plans and Planners Hazard Mitigation Plan; Disaster Recovery Plan; Emergency Operations Plan Comprehensive Land Use Plan (linkage to emergency management functions) Connectivity Across Programs and Funding Public Assistance – 406 Mitigation; Hazard Mitigation Grant Program National Flood Insurance Program Standards/Local Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance Emergency Management Assistance Compact Other Collaborative Venues (Accreditation; Training; Exercises) Improving the Coordination between Planners and Emergency Managers Quality of Hazard Mitigation Plans (increased land use measures, climate change adaptation) Scenario-Based Planning (robust and contingent strategies) Furthering the Integration of Hazard Mitigation, Disaster Recovery and Climate Change Adaptation

Role of States in Disaster Recovery Video Focus on Governors and State Agency Officials in NC and MS following Hurricanes Floyd and Katrina Purpose: Improve understanding of the roles that states play in disaster recovery; Develop training and educational materials for Governors and state officials/university degree and certificate programs