Chapter 28

Understand the qualities of effective leadership. Examine the relationship between reality and perception in politics over a presidential candidate’s ability to lead the nation.

Chapter 28.1

The Kennedy administration faced some of the most dangerous Soviet confrontations in American History American’s response to Soviet threats developed the U.S. as a military superpower. Main Idea

The Election of 1960 John F. Kennedy became the 35 th president in He ran against Richard Nixon in the 1 st televised debates. Two issues: His age His religion

Kennedy And Civil Rights Kennedy’s support for Martin Luther King Jr. after his arrest in Georgia gave him the African American vote helping him carry the states in the Midwest and the South.

A New Military Policy Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had not done enough about the Soviet threat. He developed a policy of flexible response, focusing on strengthening and modernizing the military’s ability to fight a nonnuclear war.

Crises Over Cuba Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba when Fidel Castro came into power. Castro gained power with the promise of democracy. Castro seized U.S. oil refineries and sugar companies. The S.U. came to his aid.

The Bay of Pigs The CIA secretly trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro. In April 1961 the U.S. military and Cuban exiles landed on Bahia de Cochinos. Many were captured or killed with help from the S.U. Kennedy took the blame. The U.S. paid a ransom of $53 million in food and medical supplies.

The Cuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev provided Castro with Soviet weapons, including nuclear missiles. Kennedy warned Castro that the U.S. would not tolerate nuclear weapons in Cuba. U.S. planes took photos of Soviet missile bases in Cuba with missiles ready to launch.

Crisis Over Berlin A confrontation between Kennedy and Khrushchev led to the building of the Berlin Wall~a concrete wall topped with barbed wire that divided the city in two.

Lincoln vs. Kennedy Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846 John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946 Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860 John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960 The names Lincoln and Kennedy each have seven letters.

Lincoln vs. Kennedy Both presidents were concerned with Civil Rights for blacks. The wives of both presidents had a child die while living in the White House. Both presidents were shot on a Friday. Both presidents were shot in the head.

Lincoln vs. Kennedy Lincoln’s secretary was named Kennedy. Kennedy’s secretary was named Lincoln. Both presidents were assassinated by Southerners. Both presidents were succeeded by Southerners. Both presidents were succeeded by men named Johnson.

Lincoln vs. Kennedy Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln, was born in Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy, was born in 1939.

Lincoln vs. Kennedy Both assassins were known by their three names. Both names are made up of fifteen letters. Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a warehouse. Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theater. A week before Lincoln was shot, he was in Monroe, Maryland. A week before Kennedy was shot, he was with Marilyn Monroe.

Chapter 28.3

The demand for reform helped create a new awareness of social problems, especially on civil rights. Reforms made in the 1960s have had a lasting effect on the American justice system by increasing the rights of minorities. Main Idea

LBJ’s Path To Power Lyndon Baines Johnson, LBJ, became president after Kennedy was shot. Pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through. Passed the Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) approving $1 billion of antipoverty measures. topeka/videos#civil-rights-act-of-1964

Building the Great Society Johnson summed up his vision for America in a phrase, the Great Society. It would end poverty and racial injustice. He passed 206 measures including, Medicare,(medical ins. for 65+) Medicaid, (health ins. to welfare recipients) and the Immigration Act of 1965 ( ended quotas based on nationality.) johnson/videos#lbj-civil-rights-and-vietnam

Reforms of the Warren Court The Warren Court took an activist stance on the issues of the day. Banned prayer in public school. Ruled school segregation unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education. Dealt with reapportionment, the way states redrew election districts based on population. Increased the rights of the accused including Miranda v. Arizona. board-of-education-separate-is-not-equal