Quality Assurance Systems Somboonwan Satyarakwit, D.B.A. Vice President for Academic Affairs Dhurakij Pundit University 1

1. What is quality? 2. What is quality assurance? 3. What are the mission of higher education? 4. What should be the framework of quality assurance in higher education? 5. Starting point of quality assurance system in Thailand 6. Development of quality assurance in Thailand 7. Thailand Qualification Framework (TQF) 2

Quality - the non-inferiority or superiority of something - fitness for purpose - is a perceptual, conditional, and subjective attribute - may be understood differently by different people Source: Wikipedia 3

Quality Assurance (QA)- providing confidence that quality requirement will be fulfilled (ISO9000) Quality assurance system comprises administrative and procedural activities implemented so that requirements and goals for a product, service or activity will be fulfilled Source: Wikipedia 4

Peter Drucker said “ Quality in a product or service is not what the supplier puts in. It is what the customer gets out and is willing to pay for” 5

6 Deming’s Quality Cycle Plan – Do – Check – Act (PDCA) W. Edwards Deming

Producegraduates Produceresearches Produceconsulting services 7 Mission of Higher Education

Producequalified graduates Producevaluableresearches Producerequiredconsulting services 8 Framework of Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Start of QA in Thailand 9

Section 6: Standard and Education Quality Assurance. This assurance is composed of an “Internal Quality Assurance System” and an “External Quality Assurance System” Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) is a system and mechanism for developing, auditing, and assessing the operation of institutions according to the policies, objectives, and quality levels established by the institutions themselves or by their parent organizations. (Every year and assessed by Commission on Higher Education – CHE once every 3 years) External Quality Assurance (EQA) is an education quality assessment which monitors and verifies the education quality and standards of institutions based on education management. The Office for National Education Standards and Quality Assessment (Public Organization) or ONESQA is in charge of the external quality assurance process. (at least once in every 5 years) From Manual for the Internal Quality Assurance for Higher Education Institutions, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education : Bangkok, Thailand, 2013, pages National Education Act of 1999 (2 nd Amendment in 2002) 10

From Manual for the Internal Quality Assurance for Higher Education Institutions, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education : Bangkok, Thailand, 2013, page

IQA 1. Phase I ( ) - Each institution developed its own IQA system. 2. Phase II ( )- Minimum indicators set by CHE (Commission on Higher Education) and (Faculty and Institution Levels) requirement of Common Data Set (CDS) 2.1 Indicator set one ( ) Maximum of 44 indicators (input, process, output/ outcome) 2.2 Indicators set two ( ) 38 indicators (input + process 23 indicators and 15 output / outcome indicators from EQA) Development of QA in Thailand 3. Phase III ( ) - Give institution flexibility. (Program, Faculty and Institution Levels) 12

1. Emphasis on Program Level 2. Bring Thailand Qualification Framework (TQF) into IQA – learning outcomes of programs. 3. Institutions can propose their own systems in all levels subjected to 2 conditions (1) TQF program assessment reports have to be submitted to CHE (2) Assessment reports and CDS have to be submitted to CHE 4. Public Universities have to be assessed based on CHE’s indicators at institution level for performance evaluation by Office of the Public Sector Development Commission IQA ( ) 13

1. Phase I (2001 – 2005) 28 indicators (input, process, output / outcome) 2. Phase II (2006 – 2010) 48 indicators (input, process, output / outcome) 3. Phase III (2011 – 2015) 20 indicators (output / outcome) 4. Phase IV ? EQA (use budget year) 14

5 domains of learning outcomes Knowledge Numerical analysis & communication & IT skills Interpersonal skills & responsibility Cognitive skillsEthics and moral Thai Qualifications Framework (TQF) for HE Source: (PPT) Higher Education in Thailand by Aporn Kanvong, Deputy Secretary general for Higher Education Commission, pptx

Domains of Learning Ethical and Moral Development, development of - Habits of acting ethically and responsibly in personal and public life in ways that are consistent with high moral standards. - Ability to resolve value conflicts through application of a consistent system of values. Knowledge, the ability to understand, recall and present information including: - Knowledge of specific facts, - Knowledge of concepts, principles and theories and - Knowledge of procedures. Source: TQF Implementation Handbook

Cognitive skills, the ability to - Apply knowledge and understanding of concepts, principles, theories and procedures when asked to do so; and - Analyze situations and apply conceptual understanding of principles and theories in critical thinking and creative problem solving when faced with unanticipated new situations. Source: TQF Implementation Handbook

Interpersonal skills and responsibility, the ability to - Work effectively in groups, and exercise leadership; - Accept personal and social responsibility, and - Plan and take responsibility for their own learning. Analytical and communication skills, the ability to - Use basic mathematical and statistical techniques, - Communicate effectively in oral and written form, and - Use information and communications technology. Source: TQF Implementation Handbook

Thai Qualifications Framework (TQF) for HE 1.Computer 2.Nursing 3.Logistics 4.Hotel and Tourism management 5.Engineering 6.Accounting 7.Education (5 yrs.) 8.Applied Thai Traditional Medicine 9.Sciences and Mathematics 10.Thai Language 23 fields of study 1.Agro Industry 2.Nursing (Master) 3.Veterinary Science 4.Thai Language 5.Physical Therapy (Graduate) 6.Liberal Arts 7.Educational Administration (Graduate) 8. Business Administration 9.Dentistry 10.Home Economics 11.Architecture 12.Environment 13.History 14.Public Administration 15.Economics 16.Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries 17.Communication Arts and Mass Communication 18.Medical Science 19.Pharmaceutical Science 20.Public Health 21.English Language 22.Industrial Technology 23.Industrial Education Source: (PPT) Higher Education in Thailand by Aporn Kanvong, Deputy Secretary general for Higher Education Commission, pptx

1. Development of TQF1 (Standard Program Specification) for selected fields (TQF forms in Thai called Mor Kor Or) 2. Institutions revised the curricula using the format of TQF2 (Program Specification) 3. Instructors prepare the forms TQF3-TQF6 TQF3Course Specification TQF4Field Experience Specification TQF5Course Report TQF6Field Experience Report TQF Implemention

4. At the end of academic year, the program administrators prepare TQF7 (Program Report) 5. The academic year 2014 integrate TQF with Internal Quality Assurance System - Verify indicators listed in the Program Specification - Check all the TQF Forms - Modify TQF7 to report Internal Quality Assurance indicators

- Too much work - A lot of useless documents - Why TQF, for whom - Resist to quality assurance of program level Resistance