General Chemistry I Chem 110. أستاذة / إنعـــــام الحارثي الساعات المكتبية 9-10 يوم الأحد 9-10:30 يوم الأربعاء كلية العلوم –

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General Chemistry I Chem 110

أستاذة / إنعـــــام الحارثي الساعات المكتبية 9-10 يوم الأحد 9-10:30 يوم الأربعاء كلية العلوم – مبنى 5 - الدور 2 – مكتب 309

الكتاب المقرر Chapters

السياسة الواجب على الطالبة الالتزام بها على الطالبة الالتزام بالتالي :  حضور المحاضرة في وقتها المحدد، عدم تكرار التأخر عن المحاضرة، حضور الامتحانات في موعدها المحدد، أداء الواجبات المطلوبة.  الطالبة التي تزيد نسبة غيابها عن 25% من مجموع المحاضرات ( أي بما يعادل 8 محاضرات ) ، دون عذر، تحرم من دخول الامتحان النهائي.  الطالبة التي تتخلف عن الاختبار لن يعاد لها الاختبار ( إلا في حالة الظروف القاهرة لا سمح الله ).  عدم ارتداء العباءة في قاعة الامتحان.  يجب على الطالبة إحضار الأدوات التي تحتاجها في الامتحان والآلة الحاسبة الخاصة بها.  عدم استخدام الجوال كآلة حاسبة في الامتحان.  في حالة الغش تسحب ورقة الطالبة فوراً وتحرم من استكمال الاختبار وتقدم للجنة تأديبية. مع أطيب التمنيات بالتوفيق،،،،

Course Grading First exam :30 Second exam: 30 Final term exam: 40 marks Total: 100

Introduction - chemistry Is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes Chapter 1

-The Study of Chemistry Qualitative Consisting of general observation about the system Quantitative Comprising numbers obtained by various measurements of the system

Substance Matter that has a definite (constant ) composition and distinct properties Ex: water, sugar Mixture Combination of two or more substance Ex: air, milk Homogenous mixture The composition of the mixture is uniform Ex :sugar /H 2 O Heterogeneous mixture The composition is not uniform Ex: iron filing and sand

Pure substance Can be separated Compound H 2 O,NaCl,NH 3 Can not separated into simpler substant by chemical means Element Na, He

State Of Matter Solid Difinit (fixed ) shape Difinit (fixed) volume Liquid Unfixed shape Fixed volume Gas Unfixed shape Unfixed volume (Compressible )

1.7 Measurement (p.15-20) SI units.(international System Of Unit ) Mass and Weight Volume Density Temperature Scales. Table 1.2 & Table 1.3 Examples

1.7 Measurement

International System of Units The SI System Metric System Length (L) Length (L) Mass (M) Mass (M) Weight (W) Weight (W) Density (D) Density (D) Volume (V) Volume (V) Temperature (T) Temperature (T) Time (second) Time (second)

International System of Units (SI)

examples The base unit is meter (m) The base unit is gram (g)The base unit is liter (L) استخدام البادئات (مضاعفات أو أجزاء) هو من أجل التبسيط والاختصار للكميات المقاسة

The SI prefixes giga- and micro represent, respectively: (a)10 -9 and (b)10 6 and (c)10 3 and (d)10 9 and Example

Peta (P)= Tera (T)= Gega (G)= 10 9 Mega (M)= 10 6 kilo (k)= 10 3 hecto (h)= 10 2 deca (da)= 10 1 unit (meter-m), (gram-g), (liter-L) dece (d)= centi (c)= mili (m)= micro (  )= nano (n)= pico (p)= femto (f)= Bigger unit smaller unit atto (a)= Exa (E)= الأجـــزاء المضاعفات في حال التحوبل بين الوحدات الكبيرة نأخذ فرق الأس ( الاشارة +) في حال التحوبل بين الوحدات الصغيرة نأخذ فرق الأس ( الاشارة +) في حال التحوبل بين الوحدات الصغيرة الى الكبيرة او العكس مرورا بالوحدات الاساسية نجمع الأس ( في حال التحويل من كبير الى صغير الاشارة (+) في حال من التحويل صغير الى كبير الاشارة (-)

Tera (10 12 ) kilo (10 3 ) dece (10 -1 ) nano (10 -9 ) Mega (10 6 ) nano (10 -9 ) في حالة التحويل من وحدة كبيرة إلى وحدة صغيرة نضرب في معامل بأس موجب أما في حالة التحويل من وحدة صغيرة إلى وحدة كبيرة نضرب في معامل بأس سالب ملحوظة مهمة

How many microseconds are in a second ? (a) 1 x (b) 1 x (c) 1 x (d) 1 x 10 6 Examples Prefix ( جزء أو مضاعف ) → Base Unit ( وحدة أساسية ) put the power sign from the table of prefixes Base Unit ( وحدة أساسية ) → Prefix ( جزء أو مضاعف ) reverse the power sign from the table of prefixes

Which of the following is the smallest distance? (a) 21 m (b) 2.1 x 10 2 cm (c) 21 mm (d) 2.1 x 10 4 pm Put all of them in the same unit → 21m → 2.1m → m → 2.1 x m

. What is 22.6 m when converted to decimeters? A)0.226 dm B)2.26 dm C)* 226 dm D)2.26 x 10 –3 dm What is 25.4 mg when converted to kilograms? A)2540 kg B)2.54 x10 –5 kg * C)2.54 kg D)2.54 x 10 4 kg

Measurement mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 10 3 g weight force that gravity exerts on an object weight = c x mass on earth, c = 1.0 on moon, c ~ 0.1 A 1 kg bar will weigh 1 kg on earth 0.1 kg on moon The Mass of an object doesn't change when an object's location changes. Weight, on the other hand does change with location.

Volume – SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m 3 ) 1 cm 3 = (1 x m) 3 = 1 x m 3 1 dm 3 = (1 x m) 3 = 1 x m 3 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm 3 = 1 dm 3 1 mL = 1 cm 3 1 L = 1 dm 3 Volume = width × length × height = m × m × m = m 3 Common unit of volume is liter (L) and milliliter (mL) The relationship between (L), (mL) and metric system

Density – SI derived unit for density is kg/m 3 1 g/cm 3 = 1 g/mL = 1000 kg/m 3 density = mass volume d = m V A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm 3 has a volume of 4.49 cm 3. What is its mass? d = m V m = d x V = 21.5 g/cm 3 x 4.49 cm 3 = 96.5 g 1 g/mL = 1×10 -3 g/L m dv

Worked Example 1.1

Worked Example 1.2

Temperature Scales There are three temperature scales, their units are: 1. Degrees Celsius 0 C 2. Degrees Fahrenheit 0 F 3. Kelvin K Kelvin is the SI Base Unit of Temperature

0 F = x 0 C K = 0 0 C 373 K = C 32 0 F = 0 0 C F = C K = 0 C

Convert F to degrees Celsius. 0 F = x 0 C F – 32 = x 0 C 9 5 x ( 0 F – 32) = 0 C C = x ( 0 F – 32) C = x (172.9 – 32) =

(a) Convert C → 0 F? °F = [(9 /5 ) × °C ] + 32 [°F = (9 /5 ) × 224 °C] + 32 = F (b) Convert F → 0 C ? °C = (5 /9 ) (°F - 32 ) °C = (5 /9 ) ( ) = C (c) Convert C → K ? ° K = °C = K Example 1.3:

 K → °C or °C → K K = °C °C = K  °F → °C or °C → °F °F = [ (9/5) × °C] + 32 °C = (5/9) (°F - 32)  No relatationship between K → °F or °F → K Thus: K → 0 C → 0 F or 0 F → 0 C → K Temperature Units Conversion

Problems – 1.19 – – 1.25 – 1.26 Dr.S. Al- Mhy awi