Senasica Mexican Report on Phytosanitary Issues Javier Trujillo Arriaga October 2008

Relevant Programs 2008 Medfly (Cooperative Program) Fruit Flies Huanglongbing (Greening) Cactus Moth Pink Hibiscus Mealybug Pink Bollworm / Boll Weevil Panicle Rice Mite Asian Soybean Rust Cooperative Programs

Medfly (Cooperative Program) After the high population pressures caused by the pest in Mexico in 2007; during 2008, we have had fewer outbreaks and detections.After the high population pressures caused by the pest in Mexico in 2007; during 2008, we have had fewer outbreaks and detections. Mexico supports to increase the economic support for Moscamed, due the high risk of introduction and establishment in Mexico.Mexico supports to increase the economic support for Moscamed, due the high risk of introduction and establishment in Mexico. Mexico supports the continuation of the 8 aerial aspersions programmed along the South-West of Guatemala to reduce the levels of pest infestation.Mexico supports the continuation of the 8 aerial aspersions programmed along the South-West of Guatemala to reduce the levels of pest infestation. Mexico supports the maintenance of the production of sterile flies of TSL strain at the Metapa Production Plant (500 million/week) and at El Pino Production Plant (1,300 million/week). The USDA program is to produce 1000 million/week at El Pino Plant.Mexico supports the maintenance of the production of sterile flies of TSL strain at the Metapa Production Plant (500 million/week) and at El Pino Production Plant (1,300 million/week). The USDA program is to produce 1000 million/week at El Pino Plant. Mexico supports the creation of a Mexico-United States Commission for Moscamed, in order to obtain a better gradual advance in the eradication of the pest towards Central America.Mexico supports the creation of a Mexico-United States Commission for Moscamed, in order to obtain a better gradual advance in the eradication of the pest towards Central America. Period from January 1 to October 4, Medfly Report in MexicoChiapasTabascoTotal Accumulated Outbreaks Accumulated Detections Total Active Outbreaks Active Detections Total

Fruit Flies (Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua) SAGARPA in coordination with USDA consultants, Dra. Elba Quintero and Jim Reynolds, elaborated a Five Years Strategic Plan for the control of the Fruit Fly genera Anastrepha in Mexico and United States. SAGARPA in coordination with USDA consultants, Dra. Elba Quintero and Jim Reynolds, elaborated a Five Years Strategic Plan for the control of the Fruit Fly genera Anastrepha in Mexico and United States. In order to recognize Fruit Fly free areas for USDA, we now have operative plans aligned to this strategic plan, pilot program for exportation of fruit to the United States and we are strengthening all the quarantine measures, and so others. In order to recognize Fruit Fly free areas for USDA, we now have operative plans aligned to this strategic plan, pilot program for exportation of fruit to the United States and we are strengthening all the quarantine measures, and so others. We have initiated actions to formalize the legal frame work, for the Fruit Fly Operative Programs that SAGARPA has in a coordinated manner with the USDA. We have initiated actions to formalize the legal frame work, for the Fruit Fly Operative Programs that SAGARPA has in a coordinated manner with the USDA. Mexfly Low Prevalence Zone in municipalities of Michoacan State (july 29) 2 municipalities of Michoacan State (july 29) 8 municipalities of Guerrero State ( september 12) 8 municipalities of Guerrero State ( september 12)

National Detection Program States without citrus Strengthening Diagnosis with help and support from USDA (Real time - PCR), International training workshop on HLB and its vector (Hermosillo, Son.; may 2008; 246 participants from 11 countries). Survey of symptomatic trees ( 55,800 hectares), Molecular analysis of 1,100 plant samples, Molecular analysis of 1,450 psyllids samples. Phytosanitary measures during 2008 Huanglongbing has not been detected in Mexico. Huanglongbing - HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter spp)

Monitoring (trapping and sampling), public awareness and training in 20 states. Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) Phytosanitary measures National Preventive Program Eradication and Survey Program P States without Program Monitoring (trapping and sampling), host removal, sterile insect release (Isla Contoy), training, public awareness in Quintana Roo. Cactus moth eradicated from Isla Mujeres; Isla Contoy (8 months without any detection of the cactus moth), Quintana Roo. Cactus moth declaration of eradication in Isla Mujeres in process of being publicated. Wide monitoring rute in the country.

Pheromone enhancement. Development of a Microsporidia (Nosema sp) free Cactoblastis cactorum breeding colony for mass rearing. Conduct studies to continue improving the efficiency of the trapping system. Improving artificial diet in the mass rearing process. Eradication of infestations at Pensacola, in Florida should be the top priority. Continue with the cactus moth monitoring and suppression of the cactus population in the islands and coast of Gulf of Mexico. Preparation of an action plan for the implementation of the program in Priority Activities of the Binational Program against the Cactus moth in the United States of America The spread is contained in the coast of Alabama Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)

Pink hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) The biological control of this pest has been successful; the levels of parasitism up to 98 %. Control of the host material movement has contributed to slow down the movement of the pest. Surveillance through a pheromones trapping network for male population detection is maintained in the adjacent States (Campeche, Colima, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco and Yucatán).

Growing areas Control of Pink bollworm is carried out in Baja California, Chihuahua and Sonora states, on the other hand control for boll weevil is performed in the southern of Sonora, south and center of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango and Tamaulipas. Currently, there are 100,850 hectares of cotton in Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora and Tamaulipas). The eighty-one percent, 82,000 hectares are under this SAGARPA- USDA cooperative program. 16,500,000 sterile moths are released per week. (Juarez Valley, Chih.) Since year 2001, the actions against these two pests have had the following results: 4 bundles/ha 6 bundles/ha * moths/trap/week 0.02 moths/trap/week Boll WeevilPink Boll Worm Production increase Number of chemical application Pest reductionChihuahua *Gossyplure (pheromone) Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiela) Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

Panicle Rice Mite (Steneotarsonemus spinki) From the time of the first detection, several sampling, training and technical assistance activities have been implemented through out an official program. Surveillance activities are carried out in the other States with rice crops. States with rice crops Quarantined areas States without rice Phytosanitary activities Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz: Sampling ( ha) Management outbreaksTraining Sampling Diagnosis Training Colima, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas:

Asian Soybean Rust (ASBR) (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Background: February 2005, a technical cooperation project, between SENASICA and USDA-CREES was established to monitoring the course of the ASBR through a web mapping. October 2005, ASBR was first detected in “La Huasteca” in a soybean crop, in Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. This detection was reported at the NAPPO PAS. During 2006, this disease didn’t occur in Mexico, due to unfavourable weather conditions for ASBR development. 2007, ASBR detected in yam bean crop at Papantla, in Veracruz. 2008, ASBR recently detected in yam bean crop at in Chiapas (Mapastepec), San Luis Potosi (Tamuín and Ebano), Tamaulipas (Mante, Altamira, Xicotencatl and Gonzalez) and Veracruz (Panuco).

Asian Soybean Rust (ASBR) (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Phytosanitary measures: Following the ASBR detection, DGSV implemented an emerging program to carry out monitoring activities in the infected areas and to sampling in the areas where the disease wasn’t still present, preventing with this the disease spreading. During March 2007, DSGV officers attended the University of Florida to be trained in the use of Integrated Pest Management-Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education and laboratory testing techniques (ELISA, PCR, immunostrip) Plant Health, State Committees officers were trained in monitoring activities, according to sentinel plots protocol. During 2008, 187 sentinel plots and 38 single observation plots have been established to monitor the prevalence of ASBR in crops such as bean, soybean, yam bean, in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Chiapas, Mexico, Guanajuato, Chihuahua and Morelos.

Cooperative Programs, between USDA and SAGARPA, are planned to provide continuity to the establishment of strategies and strengthening of the containment barrier against the Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum Berg.) Cooperative Program, between USDA-SAGARPA, for the surveillance and the preventive monitoring of the Citrus Huanglongbing (Candidatus Liberibacter). Binational Programs, between USDA and SAGARPA, for the suppression/eradication of Pink Bollworm and Boll Weevil. Cooperative Programs / Development of revised texts

Epidemiologic Surveillance DSGV has become involved in coordinating efforts with State Plant Protection Organizations, in Mexico, to standardize regional schemes as a warning for pests with an epidemiology based overview. Aimed to achieving this goal, DGSV jointly organized with APHIS-CSREES and Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, the International Workshop on Epidemiology Surveillance for Plant Pest Monitoring, during May Mexican technicians are expected to make a stay of a month at the USDA- APHIS-PPQ-CHST-PERAL in North Carolina, USA, where they will learn to use the NAPPFAST and where they will be transferred with technology knowledge and experiences, in pests epidemiological surveillance.

Laboratory's Diagnostics 1. 1.Bilateral USDA–SENASICA programs are intended for exchanging of laboratory testing protocols and positive controls detection of diseases of high concern in the NAPPO region (e. g. HLB and Phytophthora ramorum) Training workshops, for Mexican Officers, on diseases detection of high concern in the NAPPO region The CNRF is the Mexican official laboratory and this centre is pursuing acknowledgement on ISO

Pest Risk Assesment 1. 1.Risk mitigation measures associated with regulatory initiatives, for the movement of Phytophthora ramorum host materials, from United States to Mexico Genetic characterization of Rhagoletis pomonella, R. cingulata and R. zoqui populations present in Mexico and United States Make available sexual pheromones material for Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Epiphyas postvittana and Cactoblastis cactorum.