Table 4. Distribution of UCD children's macro and micronutrients (n:18) Kong Jian Pei et al. Growth and Nutritional Status of Children with Urea Cycle.

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Table 4. Distribution of UCD children's macro and micronutrients (n:18) Kong Jian Pei et al. Growth and Nutritional Status of Children with Urea Cycle Defects (UCD): A 6-months Follow up Study in Institute of Pediatric, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. International Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 3, doi: /ijcn © The Author(s) Published by Science and Education Publishing. Nutrients (Unit) BaselineFollow-up p-value Mean of intake (±SD) Mean % adequacy (±SD) Mean of intake (±SD) Mean % adequacy (±SD) MACRONUTRIENT Energy (kcal/ day) Natural Food (339.51)39.08 (19.69) (359.60)42.74 (22.93)0.093 Medical Food (305.52)67.05 (35.14) (317.94)64.90 (36.53)0.078 Natural and Medical Food consumption (271.89) (33.66) (268.49) (34.87)0.875 Carbohydrates (g/ day) Natural Food89.19 (54.90)45.75 (21.71)92.52 (59.02)47.70 (24.06)0.124 Medical Food (43.07)63.30 (35.80) (47.60)60.14 (38.33)0.807 Natural and Medical Food consumption (45.58) (34.35) (48.88) (35.53)0.657 Protein (g/ day) Natural Food9.45 (6.42)36.08 (20.27)9.67 (6.03)37.89 (21.83)0.646 Medical Food12.02 (5.57)51.31 (27.57)11.72 (4.19)50.18 (22.67)1.000 Natural and Medical Food consumption21.47 (9.03)87.39 (35.84)21.39 (7.97)88.07 (33.34)0.959 Fat (g/ day) Natural Food17.18 (12.54)35.52 (24.77)20.21 (14.60)42.81 (32.61)0.136 Medical Food35.38 (15.52)82.03 (42.69)34.93 (15.25)81.04 (42.21)0.386 Natural and Medical Food consumption52.56 (11.98) (40.47)55.14 (14.65) (45.94)0.203 MICRONUTRIENT: VITAMINS Vitamin A / Retinol (µg/ day) Natural Food (246.06)65.76 (54.68) (138.71)40.67 (30.89)0.003* Medical Food (219.23) (55.62) (214.51) (54.97)0.136 Natural and Medical Food consumption (373.87) (87.98) (237.45) (61.53)0.055 Vitamin B1 / Thiamin (mg/day) Natural Food0.26 (0.16)39.28 (23.76)0.27 (0.22)42.66 (38.10)0.916 Medical Food2.68 (1.77) (291.15)2.60 (1.47) (238.27)0.916 Natural and Medical Food consumption2.94 (1.78) (293.92)2.87 (1.52) (252.28)0.799 Vitamin B2 / Riboflavin (mg/day) Natural Food0.255 (0.17)39.31 (27.38)0.23 (0.16)36.46 (27.64)0.334 Medical Food1.82 (0.91) (149.76)1.77 (0.71) (115.47)0.239 Natural and Medical Food consumption2.08 (0.98) (166.20)2.00 (0.74) (128.99)0.333 Vitamin B3 / Niacin (mg NE/day) Natural Food1.754 (1.35)19.20 (12.11)1.49 (1.08)16.95 (11.49)0.031* Medical Food17.72 (8.03) (114.64)17.15 (6.61) (100.77)0.423 Natural and Medical Food consumption19.74 (8.39) (118.89)18.64 (7.03) (107.12)0.241 Vitamin C / Ascorbic acid (mg/day) Natural Food56.48 (48.42) (160.84)34.36 (23.73) (81.10)0.028* Medical Food91.87 (28.44) (105.60)89.69 (27.68) (101.63)0.346 Natural and Medical Food consumption (61.59) (219.22) (34.56) (134.52)0.193 Vitamin D (µg/day) Medical Food11.90 (4.13) (82.69)11.63 (4.27) (85.43)0.695 Vitamin E (mg/day) Natural Food1.73 (1.32)31.33 (24.19)1.23 (1.08)23.00 (21.21)0.073 Medical Food14.90 (6.44) (131.08)14.51 (5.71) (114.49)0.460 Natural and Medical Food consumption16.63 (7.24) (148.09)15.74 (6.30) (129.17)0.203 MICRONUTRIENT: MINERALS Calcium (mg/day) Natural Food (66.13)19.35 (11.05) (85.98)16.76 (14.65)0.139 Medical Food (414.27) (75.01) (353.25) (66.03)0.552 Natural and Medical Food consumption (410.35) (75.63) (346.80) (66.93)0.209 Iron (mg/day) Natural Food6.04 (4.44)82.99 (54.29)5.04 (3.94)72.11 (56.02)0.410 Medical Food15.96 (6.12) (108.63)15.47 (5.17) (90.74)0.754 Natural and Medical Food consumption22.00 (7.89) (131.72)20.51 (6.28) (110.92)0.139 Folate (µg/day) Natural Food22.29 (22.61)10.72 (11.88)22.79 (17.64)10.34 (8.49)0.477 Medical Food (232.07) (114.59) (190.97) (93.60)0.556 Natural and Medical Food consumption (241.40) (119.89) (198.79) (97.58)0.721 Iodine (µg/day) Medical Food (72.62) (78.31) (65.25) (73.76)0.345 Zinc (mg/day) Natural Food1.48 (1.12)26.98 (19.35)1.42 (1.02)25.76 (16.93)0.379 Medical Food14.47 (6.35) (136.31)14.04 (5.23) (117.66)0.386 Natural and Medical Food consumption15.95 (6.46) (136.70)15.46 (5.29) (116.89)0.445 Selenium (µg/day) Natural Food6.37 (3.48)30.24 (16.74)7.17 (4.53)33.63 (20.97)0.066 Medical Food31.50 (14.82) (79.75)30.67 (12.54) (71.53)1.000 Natural and Medical Food consumption37.87 (15.12) (79.43)37.84 (13.95) (74.68)0.722 p value tested by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test at p<0.05.