The Abolitionist Campaign (The methods of the Abolitionists) Lesson starter: 1.Who were the abolitionists? 2.What evidence did they have to show people how awful the slave trade was?

We are learning to… Describe the methods the Abolitionists used to get publicity I can… Create a mind map and answer three questions on the Abolitionist Campaign Complete a How Fully on the abolitionist methods

Background The abolitionists needed to win public support for their campaign to abolish the slave trade Their first aim was to stop British ships taking slaves to the West Indies from Africa They did this in a number of ways; Educating people about the trade Using pictures/ images Getting the issue discussed in parliament

Mind Map – add information around this title There are 3 areas where people tried to change opinion around slavery. Read the information on each slide and summarise it in at least 3 points under the following headings. – Education – Images – Parliament The Abolitionist campaign

1. Education Twelve escaped slaves formed a group called ‘The Sons of Africa’ in the 1780s Members included Olaudah Equiano and Ottobah Cugoana Equiano wrote an autobiography and toured the country promoting it Cuguano also published a book which argued slavery was wrong and every white British man was in some way responsible Many thousands or people bought and read the books

Thomas Clarkson travelled round Africa and Britain using objects to gain support for the abolitionist movement He showed people shackles, whips and thumbscrews and they were shocked He also tried to show Africans things that they could trade with rather than people

2. Images Only about 50% of British people could read so images were important in education too Thomas Clarkson convinced famous pottery firm owner Josiah Wedgewood to design a seal to be used on wax to close envelopes ‘Am I Not a Man and a Brother It used the phrase ‘Am I Not a Man and a Brother’ with an African begging for mercy This became the logo of the Abolitionists It appeared on Wedgewood pottery Also used on necklaces and broaches

What do you think this bowl is designed to hold?

3. Parliament Only MPs could actually pass a law to make the slave trade illegal In the 1700s only rich men could vote or become MPs Many MPs owned plantations and made money from the slave trade, many MPs also accepted bribes to support the slave trade. Petitions Petitions were sent to parliament Between 1787 and petitions were sent to Parliament from almost every UK town and city More than 60,000 signed them but the first Abolition Bill was rejected By 1792, 519 petitions had been sent 390,000 signatures The MPs were finding them harder to ignore!

lobbied Quakers regularly lobbied MPs (tried to persuade them) about the evils of slavery In 1788, Equiano led a group to parliament to ask for the improvement of conditions on the middle passage He also spoke to a number of MPs and the Prime Minister about banning the slave trade

Only MPs can give speeches in the UK parliament William Wilberforce In 1780, aged only 21 William Wilberforce was elected as an MP. He was a clever and witty speech maker Wilberforce became a very passionate abolitionist campaigner In 1787 he met Thomas Clarkson and he gave Wilberforce evidence to use in his speeches in parliament He made many speeches over the next 18 years to MPs in the Houses of Parliament

Wilberforce tried to convince MPs to accept a bill against the slave trade in 1789 He repeated this annually until 1806 He received fierce opposition from those making money from the trade In 1772, a Bill to end the trade ‘gradually’ was introduced ignored But those in the trade merely ignored it

Test your knowledge 1.What were used to educate people about the slave trade?2 marks 2.Why were images an important part of the abolitionist campaign?2 marks 3.What were the three ways the campaign was publicised in Parliament?3 marks Extension – write a description of the three ways.

The Christians & The Abolition Movement Lesson starter: How would the slave trade fit in with the Catholic values we learn in St Andrew’s? Give some examples/ ideas.

We are learning to… Describe the views of religious groups on the slave trade I can… Summarise their viewpoints in no more than 20 words each

Mind Map – add information around this title There are 3 religious groups involved with the abolition of slavery. Read the information on each slide and summarise it in at least 3 points under the following headings. – Church of England – The Quakers – Evangelists The Christians and the Abolition Movement

The Christians & The Abolition Movement Many plantation owners and slave traders were members of the Church of England They argued that slavery was mentioned in the bible and therefore was OK The Church of England actually owned slave plantations in the West Indies

The Quakers The Quakers were members of a small church who condemned slavery They said it was not Christian as God said all people were equal They were also pacifists and said that slavery caused wars in Africa 9 of the first 12 members of the Abolitionist Society were Quakers They produced many anti- Slavery books and leaflets in Britain Quaker meeting house at Charing X, Glasgow

The Evangelists The Evangelists believed it was important to do as Jesus had done i.e. love thy neighbour Most evangelicals believed Black people were inferior BUT they did oppose the slave trade John Newton was an evangelical abolitionist He was an ex slave ship captain who had found God

He gave speeches where he admitted he had punished and flogged slaves He wrote a book Thoughts upon the African Slave Trade which was important in gaining publicity for the abolitionists He wrote a book of hymns the most famous was “Amazing Grace” John Newton

Task - Summaries 20 words each Summarise the views of each religion on the Atlantic Slave Trade in no more than 20 words each  The Church of England  The Quakers  The Evangelists

Women against Atlantic Slavery Hannah More, a poet & playwright was important in the abolitionist movement She was a close friend of John Newton & Wilberforce She wrote poems speaking out against the slave trade However, women were seen as second class citizens at the time (couldn’t vote etc) and were not invited to sign petitions Many however wore the Wedgewood images on jewellery & brooches to show their support for the campaign

The Sugar Boycott Women played a crucial role in this campaign aimed at cutting demand for slave trade-produced sugar Putting food on the table was a woman’s job then; they stopped buying it and giving it to their families 400,000 By 1792, about 400,000 people were boycotting slave produced sugar 1/3rd Grocers reported sugar sales dropping by 1/3rd

People started buying sugar from elsewhere e.g. India and were proud to show this off

Task – N5 How Fully Q p84 of textbook How Fully q – 5 marks 3 points from source, 2 from own knowledgeStructure: The source gives a fairly good description of… The source says ‘…’ which means… (x3) The source fails to mention other methods such as… (x2)

Answers From the source; Freed slaves such as Cugoano attended meetings and spoke about their experiences Thomas Clarkson toured the country describing/ shocking people with slave stories Many petitions send to parliament from all over the UK From Recall The sugar boycott Books written eg, Equiano Images & pottery ie Wedgwood Religious figures/ hyms ie John Newton Women’s involvement – ie wearing images Hannah More