Pharmaceutical Industry R&D An inside-out look at trends and career opportunities  Lots of promise but little delivered in the way of new drugs  Vastly reduced work force in the Pharmaceutical R&D industry  Or is it?

Eroom’s Law Pharmaceutical Research is in trouble Scannell et al Nat Rev Drug Discovery 11, 191 (2012) Drugs per billion US $

 The easy stuff has been done  Complexity growing exponentially  Reimbursement for new drugs?  Better is not always sufficient for insurance companies  Lower acceptance of side effects – questioning approved drugs  Bad press – some deserved and some not Pharma R&D IS a Challenging Career

Challenges  Patent cliffs  Exploding costs of drug discovery and development  Much higher hurdles for approval for major indications  Efficacy not enough – how is it better? And what does better mean?  Quality of life, dosage,side affect profile  Blockbuster strategy is dead  Niche markets  Orphan indications  High failure (attrition) rate – have to cover cost of failures in pricing of successful drugs  Generic competition  Big Pharma moving more toward Development and away from Discovery

 Need more students to go into the sciences  What do we tell students about opportunities if they go into science?  Students want an education which prepares them for a career – not unempolyment or under- employment I believe the opportunities are still plentiful if you understand the landscape Universal Concerns from Colleges,Universities, Faculty and Students

Changing Definitions  Pharmaceutical Industry does not equal Big Pharma!  The days of everything being in-house are long gone  The Pharma industry is really a network of big companies, start- ups, contract research organizations (CRO’s), Academic labs, research institutes ……..  Big Pharma is reinventing itself to be more nimble – more biotech-like

Changing Definitions  Biotech today is not Biotech of the 20 th century  Many biotechs have been swallowed up by large Pharma  Days of biotechs seeing themselves as becoming fully integrated pharmaceutical companies is gone  Most have a technology or compound they want to sell to large companies, use to attract a large company to buy them or become a specialty service provider.  So Biotechs are really an integrated part of the Pharma Industry today – the source of much early Discovery research

Key elements of the “new” Pharma Industry  CROs  Diagnostic companies  Over the counter manufacturers  Generics manufacturers  Medical device developers and manufacturers  New age of bioelectronics  Drug delivery companies

Opportunities are Growing  Aging population  More chronic indications  Fewer people going into the sciences (or the needed sciences)  Start ups are on the rise again  As big pharma gets smaller CRO’s get bigger  E.g. Covance has more people in R&D than GSK  Outsourcing no longer automatically equates with shipping jobs to China and India

What’s Hot and What’s Not CROs Consortia Public private Flexibility PhD not as much a requirement as in the past Working internationally Project management

Bioelectronics Cell biology Stem cells Phenotypic screening Structural biology Science technologies of the year picks-top-breakthroughs.html picks-top-breakthroughs.html Crispr Cancer immunotherapy Bioinformatics Proteomics/chemoproteomics Biomarkers Synthetic biochemistry Not – traditional drug screening, animal models, natural products, doing everything in- house, doing one thing for your career, What’s Hot and What’s Not

Beyond the Lab  Medical writing  Regulatory Affairs  Clin ops  Compliance  QA  Bus Dev (In-licensing and out-licensing)  Business and Technical Operations  Portfolio Management  >85% of jobs in Pharma are outside traditional R&D but majority are people with science degrees