Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 1 of 27 Objectives Identify the two main classes of vitamins. List seven minerals your body needs in significant amounts. Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Explain why water is so important to your body.

Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 2 of 27 Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body are vitamins. What Are Vitamins? There are two classes of vitamins fat-soluble vitamins—dissolve in fatty material water-soluble vitamins—dissolve in water

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Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 6 of 27 Vitamins called antioxidants help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer. Antioxidants Vitamins C and E are two of the most powerful antioxidants.

Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 7 of 27 Your body requires only small amounts of minerals, which are nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil. Minerals You need seven minerals—calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur—in significant amounts.

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Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 10 of 27 Vitamin and mineral supplements, therefore, are not usually necessary if your diet is nutritious and well- balanced. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements An excess, or overdose, of vitamins or minerals may damage your health. If you do take a vitamin or mineral supplement, a health care provider can advise you about how much is the right amount.

Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 11 of 27 About 65 percent of your body weight is water. Water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissues, take place in a water solution.

Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 12 of 27 Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body. Water and Homeostasis When you become overheated, your body excretes perspiration, which cools your body. Thus, water regulates body temperature. Water contains dissolved substances called electrolytes that regulate many processes in your cells.

Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 13 of 27 Dehydration is a serious reduction in the body’s water content. Preventing Dehydration Symptoms of dehydration can include weakness, rapid breathing, and a weak heartbeat.

Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Slide 14 of 27 Every day, you need at least ten 8-ounce cups of water if you are a female 14 to 18 years old. How Much Water? Males in the same age group need 14 cups of water per day.