1 st Quarter Review

Measurements

Length How long is it?

Measuring Liquid

Temperature What is the temperature? ____________________ 69 degrees celsius

Triple-Beam Balance Use to measure mass.

Glassware Beakers Graduated Cylinders Use to measure volume

Measure Length

Light Microscope Ocular lens Size of image is determined by the ocular and objectives

Safety Gloves Apron Shower Goggles Eye Wash

Questions: 1. List 3 unsafe activities shown in the illustration and explain why each is unsafe. 2. List 3 correct procedures depicted in the illustration. 3. What should Bob do after the accident? 4. What should Sue have done to avoid an accident? 5. Compare Luke and Duke's lab techniques. Who is following the rules? 6. What are three things shown in the lab that should not be there? 7. Compare Joe and Carl's lab techniques. Who is doing it the correct way? 8. What will happen to Ray and Tim when the teacher catches them? 9. List three items in the illustration that are there for the safety of the students in the lab. 10. What is Betty doing wrong?

Scientific Method Observations Scientists Prediction & Experiments Data Support Hypothesis Form a Theory Data doesn’t Support Hypothesis Reject original Hypothesis

Observation Use one or more of 5 senses: –Sight –Taste –Smell –Touch –Hear

Hypothesis After stating a question, a biologist lists possible answers to a scientific question— hypotheses. Good hypotheses answer a question and are testable in the natural world.

Experiment Used to test a hypothesis and its predictions. A scientist observes or measures another factor called the dependent variable

The Control Group Gives something to compare to Provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group.

The Experimental Groups Pine BarkHair Identical to the control group except for one factor, the independent variable. The experimenter manipulates the independent variable.

6 months later

Experiments Experiments must be designed so others can get similar results when repeated.

Characteristics of Life Organization

Characteristics of Life Homeostasis The maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.

Characteristics of Life Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.

Characteristics of Life Growth All living things grow and increase in size. Development The process by which an organism becomes a mature adult.

Characteristics of Life All organisms produce new organisms like themselves in a process called reproduction.

The Cell Theory - All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. - Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism. -Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells. -(Influenced most by the invention of the light microscope.)

Organic Compounds Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon All organic compounds contain carbon

Carbohydrates Plants store glucose molecules in the form of the polysaccharide starch. Made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen Example: Glucose(C 6 H 12 O 6 )

Animal Cell

Plant Cell The vacuole holds water and stores waste products.

Nucleus Controls most cell activities & Contains Hereditary information Nuclear Envelope DNA (Chromosome) (Gene) Nucleolus Nuclear Pore

Regulates Transport of Materials. OR Controls Movement into and out of the cell. Water can cross easily.

Powerhouse of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport system Network of Tubes

Osmosis or Diffusion? Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 12 H 2 O in 6 CO 2 in C 6 H 12 O 6 out 6 H 2 O out 6 O 2 out Chlorophyll Enzymes Radiant Energy In

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O O 2  6CO 2 + H 2 O +{energy ATP} Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Reactants  Products

Aerobic Respiration O2O2 Pyruvic Acid H2OH2O CO 2 ATP

Fermentation 2 ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 2 ATP + C 6 H 12 O 6 2 pyruvic acid + 4 ATP 2 lactic acid 2 alcohol + 2CO 2

Chromosome

Cell Division Cell Cycle begins with growth

Mitosis

InterphaseProphaseMetaphase TelophaseAnaphase Centrioles Centromeres MIcrotubules Chromosomes

Mitosis 2n Diploid

Cancer Uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. Normal to cancer.