Cellular Respiration Unit 4

What is Cellular Respiration? Cellular respiration: ______________________________________ _____________________________________. Organisms get the energy they need from food. Food provides living things with the chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce. Food molecules contain chemical energy that is released when its chemical bonds are broken.

Chemical Energy and Food One gram of glucose 3811 calories 1 calorie equals the amount of energy needed to heat 1 gram of water 1 °C Food calories are measured in Kilocalories 1 Kilocalorie(Calorie) equals 1000 calories

Chemical Energy and Food Cells don’t simply burn food and release energy as heat 1. Cells break down food molecules gradually 2. Use the energy stored in the chemical bonds 3. To produce compounds such as: The cell has to release the chemical energy in food molecules (like glucose) gradually…WHY??? Otherwise most of the energy would be lost in the form of heat and light.

The overall equation for Cellular Respiration

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes. The energy flows in opposite directions. Photosynthesis “deposits” energy, and cellular respiration “withdraws” energy. The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis and vice versa.

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration The release of energy by cellular respiration takes place in plants, animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria. Energy capture by photosynthesis occurs only in plants, algae, and some bacteria.

The Mitochondria Often referred to as the cell’s POWERPLANT. This is going to be the primary site for Cellular Respiration! Double Membrane = Where a lot of the action happens

Amoeba Sisters Video wQMHyll8PRuUq61uVmIM3DxCC4p1- “Cellular Respiration and the Mighty Mitochondria” HOMEWORK!!!! Watch the amoeba sisters video! Complete worksheet!

Roadmap for Cellular Respiration - Occurs in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of cells

Stages of Cellular Respiration The three main stages of cellular respiration are: Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis Takes place in the cytoplasm. In: Glucose is broken in half (6 carbon ring) Forming two 3 carbon molecules Get out: Pyruvate, and also ATP, and NADH

Glycolysis Most of glucose’s energy (90%) remains locked in the chemical bonds of pyruvic acid at the end of glycolysis.

Krebs Cycle Occurs in Mitochondria In the “matrix” to be specific In: Pyruvate (and Oxygen) Get out: CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2

Krebs Cycle During the Krebs cycle, a little more energy is generated from pyruvic acid.

Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the inside membrane! IN: NADH, FADH2 (and Oxygen) Out: H2O and ATP LOTS OF IT!!!

Electron Transport Chain ATPs!!!!! =

Video to Sum it Up Gb2EzF_XqA?list= PLUqxwQMHyll8P RuUq61uVmIM3D xCC4p1- Gb2EzF_XqA?list= PLUqxwQMHyll8P RuUq61uVmIM3D xCC4p1-34

Oxygen and Energy Pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are called aerobic. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are both aerobic processes. Both processes take place inside the mitochondria.

Oxygen and Energy Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. It does not directly require oxygen, nor does it rely on an oxygen-requiring process to run. However, it is still considered part of cellular respiration. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.

What if oxygen is not around??

Fermentation TWO TYPES: Alcoholic Ferm. Yeasts and Microorganisms Produces Alcohol and CO2 Lactic Acid Ferm. Most organisms Produces Lactic Acid

This explains why muscles BURN Work Out Produces an oxygen debt Lactic Acid Ferm turns on Lactic Acid is produced as by- product Lactic Acid gets build up (goes away after an hour or so) Breathe heavily after work out, you’re trying to get your oxygen back to get rid of lactic acid