Global Cultures

Using your Culture Vocabulary Terms, you will place them into 6 different categories. The categories do NOT have to have the same number of terms in each. Using your Culture Vocabulary Terms, you will place them into 6 different categories. The categories do NOT have to have the same number of terms in each. (ex – one category might have 10 words, one might have only 4 words) Family Beliefs Values Ethnic vs. Race Civilization moves Culture

CIVILIZATION MOVES Civilization Acculturation Assimilation Diffusion Technology BELIEFS Beliefs Religion Polytheism Monotheism VALUES Values Customs Folkways SocializationMores Xenophobia Norms EthnocentrismLaws ETHNIC VS. RACE DiversityRace Ethnic GroupDialect FAMILY PolygamyDescendents ClansExtended Family Gender RolesEnculturation CULTURE Culture LanguageCulture Region Culture TraitCulture Hearth Cultural GeographySub Culture Material Culture Non-Material Culture

Culture The way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs What languages people speak, what religions they follow, etc. The history people have shared, art forms they created, how they govern their society

1) Language how people communicate, and pass on values & traditions is one of the strongest unifying forces for a culture Language Families - groups of languages with similar roots

The Linguists is an independent 2008 American documentary film about language extinction and language documentation. It follows 2 linguists, Greg Anderson of the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages and David Harrison of Swarthmore College, as they travel around the world to collect recordings of some of the last speakers of 3 moribund (dying) languages: Chulym in Siberia; Sora in Orissa, India; and Kallawaya in Bolivia.

Whole concepts, relationships, understandings, perspectives, and information are contained in a language, things that cannot be replicated or translated.Whole concepts, relationships, understandings, perspectives, and information are contained in a language, things that cannot be replicated or translated. An entire aspect of humanity, developed over thousands of years, goes with it.An entire aspect of humanity, developed over thousands of years, goes with it. And that is exactly what is looming in the United States, where more than 70 Native American languages will disappear in the next 10 years unless action is taken right now to teach them to younger tribe members.And that is exactly what is looming in the United States, where more than 70 Native American languages will disappear in the next 10 years unless action is taken right now to teach them to younger tribe members. CulturalSurvival.org is giving tribes the resources they need to do just that: to teach their language to their children, to keep it a living heritage.CulturalSurvival.org is giving tribes the resources they need to do just that: to teach their language to their children, to keep it a living heritage.

1) Language DialectsThere may be different Dialects within the main language. –(dialects - the form of a language spoken by people in a particular region or group. Pronunciation, vocabulary, and sentence structure are affected by dialect)

After I assign a different country to each of you, your homework will be to: idioms or colloquialismsFind at least 2 idioms or colloquialisms from your assigned country & the history of those idioms/colloquialisms. Around what time period did the idiom become popular? How does that idiom reveal how life was like for people at that time in that country?

2) Religion provides a sense of identity influences daily life - morals, values, holidays, festivals shapes cultural expressions such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music and dance can be a source of conflict 6 Major World Religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism

3) Social Groups

a.Family Structures b. Social Classes - wealth, education, etc. c. Ethnic Groups - a human population that shares a common culture or ancestry

3) Social Groups In all cultures, the family is the most important group Most cultures also group social classes - groups of people ranked according to ancestry, wealth, education, or other criteria Ethnic Groups - made up of people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements

Ethnicity vs. Race Yellow = British Blue = French Pink = Spanish

Different culture groups have different perceptions of beauty… in each of them, it is typically the women changing for what the men in their culture consider beautiful…

4) Government is organized according to levels of power a type of authority maintains the order within the country provides protection from outside dangers supplies other services to its people

Culture Regions an area in which people have many shared culture traits. –Example: groups of countries with similar characteristics - Mexico, Central & South America may include economic systems, type of government, social groups could also include religion, history, food, clothing, etc.

Cultural Change No culture remains the same over time  new ideas and inventions create change (ex. clothing styles). History can expose culture groups to new ways of life – including new languages, resources, and technologies.

New culture traits are added as older ones fade away. Acculturation - when an individual or group adopts SOME of the traits of another culture. Assimilation - when immigrant groups adopt ALL of the features of the main culture. Cultural Change

Change occurs through outside and inside influences such as: 1. trade 2. war 3. movement of people 4. inventions 5. new ideas 6. lifestyles Cultural Change

Cultural Diffusion when an idea or innovation (knowledge, skills, etc.) that spreads from one person or group and is adopted by another person or group

Partition to separate the “Single Men Side” from the “Family Side” Pakistan

Pakistan

Agricultural Revolution -the shift from gathering food (nomadic herding) to producing food About 10,000 yrs ago, people were nomads who moved from place to place in search for food and grazing land Eventually the earth’s climate warmed and they settled in river valleys (permanent villages) and began farming

Agricultural Revolution  this shift from wandering to farming causes people to settle down in permanent homes/villages  this evolved into early civilizations (civilizations lead to Culture Hearths)

Culture Hearths

Early centers of civilization whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas - all located in mild climates, with fertile land near a water source for irrigation Middle America Mesopotamia – modern Iraq and Syria Nile Valley - Egypt Indus Valley – Pakistan, most of Afghanistan, SE Iran, NW India Yellow River Valley – N. China along the Yellow River

The Agricultural Revolution Plow Pulled by Animals Plow Pulled by Animals Food Surplus Food Surplus Even Greater Division of Labor Even Greater Division of Labor The invention of the plow drawn by animals made agricultural production vastly more efficient than before, permitting far more land to be farmed by fewer people. This resulted in an even greater food surplus. It also freed far more people for other types of work.

Agriculture arose independently and simultaneously around the globe just as the last ice age ended. It is no accident that no matter where agriculture sprouted on the globe, it always happened near rivers. Why? Agricultural Revolution

5) Economics use of natural resources to meet human needs how to produce, obtain, use, and sell goods & services Because the Agricultural Revolution created a surplus of food, people were forced to change what they did for a living –new technology & economic activities (metalworking, shipbuilding, etc.) led to trade –increased wealth led to rise of cities  leads to migration  urbanization

Migration The movement of people from place to place 1. Push-pull factors –Push Factors - cause people to leave a location (Centrifugal) –Pull Factors - attract people to a new location (Centripetal) –Most migrate for economic reasons: no job = push higher pay = pull

Push-Pull Factors Pull Factors 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Push Factors 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 1) Draw a line “hotdog” style down the center of page ___ in your spiral. 2) List a minimum of 5 examples for each column.

What is this image saying about why people move? PUSH PULL SOURCE:

Are these political, economic, social, or environmental factors? PUSH PULL SOURCE:

What makes people leave a place? Which is a political reason?political reason? economic reason?economic reason? social reason?social reason? environmental reason?environmental reason? PUSH FACTORS SOURCE: SOURCE: SOURCE: SOURCE:

What makes people move to place? Which is a political reason?political reason? economic reason?economic reason? social reason?social reason? environmental reason?environmental reason? PULL FACTORS SOURCE: SOURCE: SOURCE: SOURCE:

Let’s see what we know… Which are you ready to answer, and which do you need a peek? Famine Relief Administrator Charles Trevelyan ordered the closing of the food depots in Ireland that had been selling Peel's Indian corn. He also rejected another boatload of Indian corn already headed for Ireland. His reasoning, as he explained in a letter, was to prevent the Irish from becoming "habitually dependent" on the British government. His openly stated desire was to make "Irish property support Irish poverty.”-- The Great Hunger, The History Place An Irish citizen during this period might have considered leaving his homeland. This factor would be classified as A a pull factor, since he is moving abroad. B a push factor, since he is avoiding the famine. C a variable factor, since he is unaffected by the famine. D an unexpected result of laissez-faire policies.

Let’s see what we know… Which are you ready to answer, and which do you need a peek? PULL FACTORS Religious freedom A politically stable government Good schools ? Which of the following would best complete the list? F economic opportunity G natural disasters H higher local taxes J economic depression

What are the patterns of people moving? If you have an opportunity like A, and you live in B, what might you do? Would others, too? How is that a pattern? A B SOURCE: SOURCE: SOURCE: SOURCE:

What are the patterns of people moving? What changes when people move? What conflicts might emerge? A Middle East women in Paris accompanied by male relative. B Protesters gather to raise their objections to the French laws (Laicité) governing secularism and the present debate on Islamic practices in France at Place de République in Paris on April 2, The groups participating in the rally object to what they consider a false discussion on cultural aspects of Islam that incites Islamaphobia and stigmatization of Muslims living here in France. Photo by ©Will Crabb SOURCE: ban/ SOURCE:

What are the patterns of… Why people leave a place? Why people go to a place? What changes when people go to a place? What conflicts arise?

Let’s see what we know… Which are you ready to answer, and which do you need a peek? Immigrants from the Middle East were motivated to move to France by which pull factor? A economic opportunities B civil war C oppressive governments D natural disasters Recent immigration to France has caused cultural issues to arise. What is the basis of the conflict? F Immigrants from England and the U.S. insist on changing the official language to English. G Cultural habits of Muslims from Africa and the Middle East are viewed as inconsistent with French values. H Immigrants from Argentina and Peru are learning French more proficiently than the local French. J The French blame the immigrants for a series of natural disasters.

2. Political - escaping a Communist country 3. Social - education, family in another country 4. Economical - better jobs, better life 5. Environmental/Physical Geography - climate, environmental hazards Migration

6. Refugees - people who are forced to leave their country because of war, – food shortages, or other problems (ex. Darfur) 7. Forced Migration – ex. African slave trade Migration

Darfur Refugees

8. Urbanization - growth of city populations brought about by migration & the changes that come with the increase in population. - leaving the farm for better life or job in a city - ½ of the world’s people live in cities Migration  Urbanization

Industrial Revolution 1700s & 1800s: new production methods change the way goods can be produced  changes a country’s economy  leads to social change

Industrial Revolution People left farms to work in the cities in factories Cities grew larger  urbanization

Information Revolution End of 1900s: computers make it possible to store information and send it all over the world in an instant  The Information Revolution - links (connects) the cultures of the world more closely than ever before.  Leads to Social Change