Sydney’s CALD Communities in 2011: Using the Census Case studies: 2 local government areas (LGAs) – City of Sydney & Auburn City Council Established culturally & linguistically diverse communities (CALD): -Speakers of Arabic (Auburn) and Cantonese (Sydney) Emerging CALD communities: - Speakers of Nepali (Auburn) and Thai (Sydney)

Note: Persons who did not state year of arrival were excluded from study

Note: Households that did not stated their tenure or landlord type were excluded from study

Ways to use/peruse ABS Census data Scales of difficulty: -Beginners: Census Spotlight, Quickstats, Community Profiles -Intermediate: Tablebuilder Basic, Tablebuilder Pro -Advanced: Statistical packages (IBM’s SPSS or freeware PSPP), mapping software (MapInfo)

RankLGA# of people from NESB % of people from NESB 1Auburn52, % 2Fairfield131, % 3Canterbury87, % 4Strathfield21, % 5Burwood19, % 6Bankstown99, % 16Blacktown111, % RELATIVE PROPORTIONS: Council areas ranked by their proportion of speakers of languages other than English (LOTE) 21City of Sydney50, % 41Blue Mountains3,8625.1%

ABSOLUTE VOLUMES: Council areas ranked according to number of people from non-English speaking backgrounds RankLGA# of people from NESB % of people from NESB 1Fairfield131, % 2Blacktown111, % 3Bankstown99, % 4Liverpool89, % 5Canterbury87, % 6Parramatta83, % 7Rockdale52, % 8Auburn52, % 9Sydney50, % 10Holroyd50, %

Languages Spoken at Home in the Greater Sydney region LanguageNumber of Persons% of Greater Sydney 1English2,732, % 2Arabic178,6654.1% 3Mandarin133, % 4Cantonese132, % 5Vietnamese85,0291.9% 6Greek80,7781.8% 7Italian68,5291.6% 8Hindi50,7851.2% 9Spanish49,8321.1% 10Korean46,1041.0% 11Tagalog34,3360.8% Greater Sydney’s population as at 9 August 2011 (Census night) = 4,391,673

Language # of arrivals # of arrivals Total Population % that arrived Shona 601,3381, % Nepali 1,26912,89315, % Gujarati 1,2309,21013, % Malayalam 5223,5065, % Hazaraghi 2501,5702, % Dinka 541,2351, % Telugu 1,0834,5016, % Afrikaans 8852,6654, % Marathi 7902,4674, % Punjabi 3,04410,49018, % Malay 2221,1472, % Bengali 4,19011,41220, % Thai 2,3636,86213, % Mandarin 27,75461,158133, % Urdu 2,9427,33616, % Year of Arrival in Australia for language groups across Greater Sydney

Brian’s mapping slides Slide 1: Land use in CoS Slide 2: Thai speakers by Age in CoS Slide 3: Land use in Auburn Slide 4: Nepali speakers by Age in Auburn

Individual pre-tax income. Low Income: Negative income to $399 per week; Lower- Middle Income: $400 to $999 per week; Upper-Middle Income: $1,000 to $1,499 per week; High income: $1,500 to over $2,000 per week

English proficiency – “how well do you speak English?”

Limitations to the Census Incomplete data – prevalence of ‘not stated’ or ‘inadequately described’ in some categories. Eg. dwellings & income. Suspicion of Census & perceived confidentiality issues Subjective interpretation of questions Issues of equivalence between home country & Australia in education data eg. TAFE institutions

Drawing conclusions Cantonese speakers in City of Sydney: earlier migration, higher levels of home ownership, large presence across Greater Sydney (132K), substantial elderly population, higher incomes. Thai speakers in City of Sydney: very recent arrivals in rental properties, smaller presence in Greater Sydney (13K), >90% earn less than $1K per week. Arabic speakers in Auburn: gradual migration & very high proportion born here, combination of tenure types, younger population, 60% earning less than $400 per week. Nepali speakers in Auburn: very recent arrivals in rental properties, young adult population: 91% aged 20-39, lower income levels.

Alternative data sources - DIAC Visa type data: ie. skilled, family & humanitarian. Longitudinal Survey of Immigration in Australia (LSIA): three cohorts of migrants from , and Continuous Survey of Australian Migrants (CSAM): ongoing, currently surveying every 6 months Settlement Database: data from forms, migrant applications, Medicare.

CSAM Cohorts 1-5 ( ) Employment outcomes by Visa stream (humanitarian visa not surveyed) Source: Smith, Kovac & Woods (2011), The Continuous Survey of Australian Migrants: Cohorts 1 – 5 Report ( ), DIAC: Canberra.

ReasonsCohort 1Cohort 2 Better employment opportunities22%27% To join family/relatives in Australia46%41% To get married19%15% To undertake studies8%9% Better future for family in Australia42%52% Other aspects, eg. lifestyle, climate36%50% Lack of employment in former country6%7% Dislike of economic conditions in former country13%17% Dislike of social conditions in former country14%16% Escape war or political situation16%12% Other4%8% LSIA data for Cohort 1 ( ) & Cohort 2 ( ): Reasons for migrating to Australia (more than one reason could be given) Source: Richardson, Miller-Lewis et. al. (2002), The Settlement Experience of Migrants: A comparison of Wave One of LSIA 1 and LSIA 2, DIMIA: Canberra.