Bruxism 조선대학교 치과대학 구 강 내 과 안 종 모. Definition of Bruxism  Diurnal or nocturnal parafuctional activity including clenching, gnashing, and grinding of the.

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Presentation transcript:

Bruxism 조선대학교 치과대학 구 강 내 과 안 종 모

Definition of Bruxism  Diurnal or nocturnal parafuctional activity including clenching, gnashing, and grinding of the teeth (American academy of Orofacial Pain; AAOP)  Diurnal / Nocturnal  Single episode (clenching) / Rhythmic contractions (bruxing)

Epidemiology of Bruxism  Prevalence (Telephone / Questionnaire) Diurnal clenching & Nocturnal grinding : 21.2% Nocturnal grinding : 6-12% Diurnal clenching : 20% Nocturnal clenching : 6%, 10%

Epidemiology of Bruxism  Age Highest in the teens to forties and decreases with age  Gender No gender difference

Bruxism in Children  854 children of 8.1 years  Prevalence : 38%  Psychological disorders : 3.6 times  History of bruxism in parents : 1.8 times  Drooling at night : 1.7 times  Sleeptalking : 1.6 times J Dent Child 2005;72:67-73

Etiology of Bruxism → Controversial, Multifactorial, Overlapping  Occlusal interference  Emotional and physical stress  Sleep disorders  Consumption of alcohol and medications  Genetic predisposition  Disturbance of CNS  Learned habit

Bruxism is Centrally regulated phenomenon Lobbe Zoo & Naeije (2001)

Clinical features of bruxism  Clinicians can diagnosis sleep bruxism using following clinical features. 1. Teeth grinding or tapping sounds noticed by the patients sleep partner or a family member 2. Complaints of jaw muscle discomfort, fatigue, or stiffness, and occasional headaches (e.g., temporalis muscles) 3. The presence of tooth wear 4. Tooth sensitivity to hot or cold (one tooth or several teeth) 5. Muscle hypertrophy 6. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sound (clicking) or jaw lock (e.g., reduction of opening amplitude) 7. Tongue indentation

Teeth grinding or tapping sounds  자는 동안 일어나는 snoring, throat granting, tongue clicking, TMJ sounds 와 구분

Jaw muscle discomfort or stiffness (occasional headaches)  Digital palpation 으로 확인 할 수 있으며, 객관적 평가를 위 해 VAS 를 사용  Sleep bruxism 환자의 1/5 정 도는 아침에 잠에서 깨어날 때 나 수면 중에 통증 호소  But, diurnal clenching 을 가지 고 있는 환자는 오후나 저녁에 통증을 호소

Tooth wear  치아마모가 있으면 Sleep bruxism 을 의심 하여야 하나 dental work (ex; crown, bridge or denture), trauma (ex; pipe, sports injury) chemical agent 로 인한 erosion 과 구별해야 함.  치아마모는 연령증가에 따라 craniodental morphology 를 변화시 킬 수 있음.  치아마모는 하악운동 양상에 따라 한 개 또는 다수의 치아가 관련  Bruxism 을 가진 환자의 100% 에서 tooth wear 를 보이나, 40% 는 증상 이 없기 때문에 sleep bruxism 을 진 단하기 위해서는 다른 요소들을 고 려해야 함.

Muscle hypertrophy  Masseter muscle hypertrophy 로 나타나며, clenching 할 때 mass 가 한쪽 또는 양쪽으로 zygomatic arch 하방에서 protrusion 됨  Periodontal abscess 나 사랑니 발치 후 swelling, parotid gland tumor, 타석으로 인한 parotid salivary duct 의 폐쇄와 감별진 단  Parotid-masseter syndrome (masseter m. 의 지속적인 수축 이 타액흐름을 제한 ) 과도 감별 해야 함.

TMJ sound or jaw lock  Ant. Disc displacement with reduction  Ant. Disc displacement without reduction Normal

Tongue indentation

Clinical feature of bruxism in children  Bruxism is common in children  It’s related to attrition of decideous teeth, but not symptom of mastication

Diagnostic evaluation  Clinical  Ambulatory monitoring & sleep laboratory recording  Other diagnostic features

Clinical diagnostic evaluation 1. Tooth wear location and severity : 치아를 건조시킨 상태에서 dental mirror 를 사용하여 평가, dental cast 를 사용하여 평가도 가능. 치아마모도 평가를 위한 criteria 를 이용 – 모든 치아의 합산한 수치를 치아의 수로 나누어 평가 ScoreWear condition 0 No wear or presence of facets (shiny spots on tooth) 1 Visible wear restricted to enamel or chipped incisal ridge or cuspid tips 2 Visible wear with dentin exposure and loss of ≤1/3 of clinical crown 3 Loss of ≥1/3 but <2/3 of clinical crown 4 Loss ≥2/3 of clinical crown

2. The presence or absence of masseter muscle hypertrophy : 환자의 연령과 dentofacial morphology 를 고려하여 평가, 감염으로 인한 swelling 과 구분이 필요 3. Report of sensitive teeth, pain or tenderness on digital palpation of muscle and TMJ 4. Maximum jaw displacement : 기준점으로 상, 하악 중절치 사이 space 를 사용 5. The presence or absence of joint sound : 촉진을 이용해 TMJ clicking sound 를 평가

Ambulatory monitoring & sleep laboratory recording  Sleep bruxism motor activity 의 monitoring 은 “audio-video home recording” 과 “ambulatory EMG recording” 으로 가능 – 심한 이갈이나 apnea, epilepsia 와 같은 수면장애를 가진 사람에게 추천됨.

Audio-video home recording 1. Sound frequency 와 jaw displacement 를 평가 2. Polygraphy 없이는 snoring, TMJ clicking, teeth grinding 그리고 swallowing, rumination 같은 악골운동과 구별이 불가능 Ambulatory EMG recording 1. Full ambulatory multichannel recorder (e.g., Biosaca, Sweden; Embla, Iceland) 를 사용 : EEG, EMG, ECG, respiration, movement 를 측정 2. 수면동안 일어나는 coughing, smile 또는 sleep talking 과 같은 oroofacial activity 를 기록하기 위해서는 audio 와 video recording 이 필요 3. Sleep bruxism 을 진단하기 위해서는 polysomnography 이 필요

간이수면다원검사 (polysomnography) 장비 EdenTrace II Digital recorder Model 3711 (Edentec)

Diagnostic criteria for the dental clinician  Tooth wear  Tooth or restoration fracture  Masseter muscle hypertrophy on voluntary contraction  Tooth mobility in the absence of periodontal disease  TMD  Jaw fatigue sensation, especially more pronounced upon waking  Grinding sound reported by bed partners

Management of Bruxism  Reduction of psychological stress  Treatment of signs and symptoms of mandibular parafunction  Reduction of occlusal irritations  Cessation of neuromuscular habits  Stabilization interocclusal appliance  Drugs: diazepam, antidepressant, botulinum toxin

Management of Bruxism Awareness – Biofeedback  Awareness – Biofeedback

Bruxism Tx with BTX-A  편측저작에 의한 편측 교근비대 (13/F, Lt) 를 BTX-A 25U 주사로 치료 → Bruxism 도 소실 됨을 관찰 (Mandel & Tharakan, 1999)  일반적인 bruxism 치료에 실패한 환자 18 명을 대상으 로 masseter muscle 에 25~100U 의 BTX-A 주사. → 평균 5 개월 정도의 bruxism 억제 효과 (Tan & Jankovic, 2000)

감사합니다