The Energy Issue America faces a major energy supply crisis over the next two decades. The failure to meet this challenge will threaten our nation's economic prosperity, compromise our national security and literally alter the way we lead out lives’. US Secretary of Energy 2001.

Key Questions 1.What are the sources of energy and how do these vary in their global pattern? 2.What is the relationship between energy use and economic development? 3.What are the social, economic and environmental issues associated with the increasing demand for energy? 4.How can energy supply be managed to ensure sustainability?

What are the sources of energy and how do these vary in their global pattern? Finite Fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas. Nuclear. Renewable Recyclable – bio fuels - hydro Inexhaustible: Solar Geothermal Wind Wave/tide At present non-renewable energy sources dominant global energy usage – challenge is to transfer the energy mix to achieve a better balance between renewables and non-renewables. Use the book to define non-renewable (finite) resources, Renewable energy and energy mix.

The energy mix This is the combination of energy types used to power a country’s economy. What factors would influence a countries energy mix? 1.Indigenous energy resources – resources available within a country are cheaper than imports and supply is more reliable. E.g. China and India have abundant reserves of coal – energy economies geared towards this. 2.Energy Security – Diversified mix to avoid dependency on particular imported energy. 3.Levels of development – MEDCs rely on fossil fuels, nuclear and some renewables to power economy. LEDCs have large sectors that still rely on fuel wood and animal dung. 4.Environment – Countries trying to reduce their consumption of fossil fuels e.g. wind power in Germany and Denmark and the revived interest in nuclear energy.

Global Energy Production

Energy Consumption Glue this in your books and explain why MEDCs use more energy than LEDCs. Add annotations around the map.

Title: The availability of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. Consumption patterns around the world are highly influenced by the availability of fuel: Oil – Coal – Natural Gas – Nuclear Energy Hydroelectricity – Other renewable sources such as solar, wind, biomass and tidal power form a negligible part of the global energy mix at present. However, this is changing.

Describe the changes in energy consumption from 1981 to 2006 – use figures and names of energy.

Comment on the energy mix in each of the six regions. Extension: Can you think of any explanation for this variation?

‘ Global primary energy demand is expected to increase by at least 50% between 2006 and Third would mean an average increase of 1.6%. More than 70% of this increase will be from developing countries, with 30% from China alone.’ Why?

China is the world's most populous country (1,321,851,888 ) and has a rapidly growing economy. Alongside strong economic growth, China’s demand for energy is surging rapidly. China has emerged from being a net oil exporter in the early 1990s to become the world’s third-largest net importer of oil in EIA( Energy Information Administration) forecasts that China’s oil demand will grow by over 800,000 barrels per day by 2009, or about 32 percent of the projected world oil demand growth for the period. China is also the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal, an important factor in world energy markets.

Variable energy patterns over time Why is there a variation in energy supply? Technological development – Nuclear electricity only been available sine Oil that was previously unreachable is now extracted and renewable energy technology is advancing steadily. Increasing National Wealth – Average incomes increase, living standards improve = increased energy usage. Changes in demand – Trains were powered by coal and people used coal to heat their homes. Changes in prices – Electricity production in UK has switched from coal to gas over the past 20 years mainly because power stations are cheaper to run on natural gas. Environment/Public Opinion -

Physical, economic and political reasons for variations in energy supply Figure Go though and highlight. Homework - find out when: The last steam trains (burning coal) stopped being used on Britain’s general railway network. Nuclear energy first came online. North Sea gas first cam on line. For Friday!