CHAPTER 9 SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

Priest-king, Mohenjo-daro faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Steatite

Seals faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Seal Impression Original Location: Mohenjo-daro Yogic posture

Buddhist Art in India

Lion capital, Sarnath,India Flashcard faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html phramick.wordpress.com/.../ en.wikipedia.org/?title=National_Emblem_of_India Axis of the Universe Chakra Buddhism

Flashcard Great Stupa, Sanchi faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Circumambulation Level 2 Level 1 Reliquary World Mountain Harmika Yasti & Chatras

The Great Stupa (Sanchi, India) completed first century CE Siddhartha Gautama Buddhism nirvana stupa path at the base of the dome symbols of Buddha’s presence cosmic diagram of the world mountain toranas use of sensuous figures harmika yasti chatras

Yakshi and Torana faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Flashcard Yakshi c.a. 200 a.d.

Gardner’s 11 th ed., p. faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Flashcard Chaitya Hall plan and section Apse houses small stupa Ambulatory

Meditating Buddha Mudra Halo Ushnisha – head bump Urna – dot or curl of hair Compare drapery folds No unibrow

Seated Buddha from Gandhara (Pakistan) late third century CE

Seated Buddha from Gandhara (Pakistan) late third century CE a new image of the Buddha bhakti dukha and the Four Noble Truths bodhisattvas lakshanas ushnisha urna three bodies of Buddha asceticism Greco-Roman influence

The Mudra Dhyana-mudra Bhumisparsha- mudra Dharmacakra-mudra

Gardner’s 11 th ed. faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Flashcard Life & death of Buddha Prince Siddhartha Meditating monk Compare

Buddha seated on lion throne Almost transparent Bodhi Tree Dharma Wheel

faculty.cva.edu/Stout/ facweb.stvincent.edu Gupta style Standing Buddha 5th century A.D Classical Seated Buddha Wheel on its edge Deer

Seated Buddha preaching the first sermon, from Sarnath (India) fifth century CE halo and the Bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya Deer Park near Sarnath strong degree of abstract idealism found in the Gupta style mudra dharma long-lobed ears broad shoulders and thin waist image of the yaksha

6-14 Bodhisattva Padmapani Flashcard Bodhisattva Padmapani, Ajanta

Hinduism

Shiva as Mahadeva in rock-cut temple at Elephanta (India) - sixth century -Shiva as Mahadeva -three colossal faces with three different expressions -grabha griha -linga

Gardner’s 11 th ed. faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Boar Avatar of Vishnu Gods & Sages Multiple hoods

Gardner’s 12 th ed., p. Trident Dancing Shiva Son - Ganesha Bull Snake

Rathas at Mamallapuram, 7 th century ratha pyramidal roof imitation of wood constructions

Durga Temple at Aihole (India), influence of the Buddhist chaityas horseshoe-shaped cella

Brihadishvara, or Rajarajeshvara, Temple (Thanjavur, India), begun gopurams rectangular cloister Chola dynasty King Rajaraja I

Lingaraja Temple (Bhuvanesvar, India), c. 11 th –12 th century ascending towers amalaka

Vishnu Temple, Deogarb faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Vishnu Sleeping on Ananta Plinth

Vishnu Temple at Deogarh (India) early sixth century Hinduism Brahma Vishnu use of Hindu temple as a residence of the god darsan purusha

Vishnu Temple at Deogarh mandala more sculptural than architectural sikhara Vastupurushamandala 32 padadevatas nakshatras Brahmasthana

Early Medieval Period

Mahabalipuram, rock-cut temples faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Draupadi Ratha Arjuna Ratha Bhima Ratha Dharmaraja Ratha MANDAPAS VIMANAS

Visvanatha Temple, Khajuraho

Visvanatha Temple (Khajuraho, India) c Mt. Meru emphasis on the exterior plinths mandapa roofs of the mandapa and their pyramidal eaves Tantrism yantra

Kandarya Mahadeva (Visvanatha) Temple Khajuraho (India) c CE Mount Meru emphasis on the exterior plinths mandapa roofs of the mandapa and their pyramidal eaves Tantrism yantra

Shiva as Nataraja Flashcard faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us/~jcarpent/sl02core.htm

Naltunai Isvaram Temple Punjai, India c carried in processions role of Shiva flaming nimbus the Demon of Ignorance

SOUTHEAST ASIA & CAMBODIA

Flashcard Borobudur rubens.anu.edu.au

Borobudur

Stupa at Borobudur (Java, Indonesia) c. 800 use of the mandala to represent the three spheres of Buddhist cosmology rectilinear base and first four tiers 160 reliefs on the base jatakas and sutras on the rectilinear four tiers circular upper four tiers dhyani Buddhas of the upper circular tiers

Angkor Wat Flashcard faculty.cva.edu/Stout/Egyptian/Egyptian.html Bas-relief

Angkor Wat (Cambodia) 12 th century Khmer civilization Suryavarman II wat approach via a stone causeway (gradual ascension vs. building facade) naga and a model of the universe temple mountain (emphasis on exterior) shrine dedicated to Vishnu barays and a directed supply of water avatars of Vishnu Jayavarman VII and the Bayon

Harihara (Prasat Andet, Cambodia), 7th century, stone harihara (half Shiva/half Vishnu)

Angkor Thom detail of corbelled arch plan Tower of the Bayon

Shiva and his family on Mount Kailasa Shiva and Parvarti/ Vasuki/ Nandi/ Mount Kailasa/ Kama and the state of ananga/ Skanda/ Ganesh/ Surya and Chandra/ Hanuman, the Monkey God/ the tiger of Shiva/ rishis (Brahmin priests)/ Brahma with four heads/ Shiva and the demon Taraka

Vishnu and the Churning of the Ocean

Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion (Punjab, India), c. 1760, opaque watercolor on paper Krishna/ Radha/ Gita-Govinda/ a lightning bolt in a luxurious setting