Chapter 15 Colonial Africa

After leaving Africa alone for a short period of time after the end of the slave trade, European countries soon began to interfere in Africa. Colonialism, the conquest of one or more nations by another nation, was one method used by European nations Imperialism was also used which is the assertion of dominance and power by one nation over less powerful nations

Transition in Africa After the end of the slave trade, the wealth in Africa began to shift for everyone. Africa became a gathering-based economy that allowed everyone the opportunity to earn money Africans began to treasure their freedom and opportunity to live free of the fear of becoming slaves

Modernization of Africa Africa began to change in industry by building factories to process wood, make glass and produce paper The military became modernized to protect themselves from European threats. Menelik of Ethiopia replaced his volunteer army with well trained soldiers Samori Ture, a West African general developed a modern army to defend the Wassoulou Empire

Education and Representation in Africa Many countries insist on education and equality The Fante Confederation formed in Ghana and was led by African pastors and teachers. This organization created a constitution that emphasized cooperation, male and female education and the development of African resources

Opening the Interior Europeans began to explore to inland Africa Richard Burton searched for the source of the Nile David Livingstone was the most famous explorer who emphasized the need for missionaries in Africa Livingstone discovered Victoria Falls and was found by Henry Stanley near Lake Tanganyika

Christian Outreach Robert Moffat was born in Scotland and felt the call to become a missionary after becoming a Christian Moffat served for 53 years and translated the Bible into an African language Others built on this work and created schools, hospitals and training centers

Samuel Ajayi Crowther Ajayi had been captured by slave raiders but was saved by a British navy ship He became a Christian after receiving help from the Anglican Church and took the name Samuel Ajayi Crowther. He became a bishop and focused on translating the Bible into the Yoruba language

Colonization of Africa Portugal and Britain were the first to colonize Africa but France wanted in on the action too Britain stopped them at first but they eventually set up the Second French Colonial Empire with the invasion of Algeria

European Motives for Imperialism As imperialism spread, many Europeans used the practice of racism to support their ideas African scholars fought against this John Africanus Horton disproved the idea that the African race was inferior

The Scramble European countries began claiming as much land as possible The Scramble for Africa resulted in all but two African states losing their independence

Phase One of the Scramble This phase focused on getting the African leaders to sign treaties that they did not understand and which gave up control of their land King Macemba of the Yao tribe refused to sign a treaty and stated his willingness to fight Germany

Phase Two and Three of the Scramble European leaders met in Europe to discuss how to divide Africa up Several agreements were established at the Berlin Conference in 1885 Phase Three began when the ships and soldiers came to Africa and took over

King Leopold Leopold used humanitarianism as a ploy to get involved in Africa He created the International African Association to supposedly help Africans This group used cruelty and torture instead and led Belgium to take control of the land and create the Belgian Congo

Confrontation Many African states confronted the European forces that demanded control One method was diplomacy in which the African leaders negotiated with the Europeans The other method was armed resistance. The African forces were at a disadvantage as they still used flintlock weapons while the Europeans used rapid-firing guns like the Maxim gun

Economic benefits of Imperialism Europeans built a modern infrastructure in Africa. They laid thousands of miles of track for railroads and built many roads. They also strung miles of wire for telegraph and telephone Europeans also introduced new farming techniques

Negative Economic Effects of Imperialism The infrastructure was created mainly for Europeans to use Africans were not given the chance to develop technology on their own

Social Benefits of Imperialism The population of Africa began to grow Religion and education began to spread in Africa because of Europeans A new social order began which was based on achievement and not birth

Negative Social Effects of Imperialism The Europeans created a huge gap between urban and rural areas The Europeans also did not give African women the same amount of rights as men Europeans also minimized and opposed the African culture