Final Review June 2015 Land Bridge: The Bering Strait- connects Asia(Russia)to North America(Alaska)- nomads followed the food source across the strait to North America (migration) Adapting to Environment(Native Americans) Different cultures develop bc of different geographic features Iroquois –NY- long houses, 3 sisters-corn,beans,squash Columbian Exchange: trade between Africa, Europe, Asia to North and South America-only after Columbus-Europeans brought diseases to New World

Early Colonization: All water route to Asia(silks and spices) English came for Religious Freedom-Puritans/Pilgrims Jamestown: st permanent English colony in New World Gentlemen-looking to get rich-Problems: poor location, greed, not working together, disease, swampy land/ John Smith- “you don’t work, you don’t eat”/ John Rolfe-saved Jamestown with Tobacco/ First representative gov’t-House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact: Plymouth Massachusetts-Pilgrims-first example of Self Gov’t and majority rule in America

Indentured Servants: From England wanted to come to America but didn’t have $. Colonists would fund the voyage in exchange for their work. Contract-7 years Different from slaves bc they would get their freedom Slavery: Journey from Africa to New World-Middle Passage/ Part of the Triangular Trade- slaved needed to work on Plantations(Gentry-wealthy)in the South-large farms/fertile soil Albany Plan of Union: French and Indian War-Ben Franklin-Snake: Join or Die- colonists unite to defeat the French

Albany Plan of Union

Mercantilism: colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country-favor the economic interests of Great Britain **Proclamation Line of 1763: England restricted colonial movement West of the Appalachian Mts- England passed it bc of Pontiac’s Rebellion- angered colonists **Navigation Acts: all colonial products must be sent to England only-England would then trade and profit **Colonists restricted by the laws passed by the British Gov’t

Loyalist: Colonist that remains loyal to the England (king/crown) during Revolutionary War Patriot: colonist who supported Independence during the Revolution Declaration of Independence: written by Thomas Jefferson- 3 parts a. Natural Rights-life, liberty and property consent of the governed right of the people to alter or abolish gov’t b. List of grievances-problems with G.B. c. established the U.S.

Battle of Saratoga: Turning point of the Revolutionary War-French support the Americans Articles of Confederation: 1 st Gov’t after Revolution Fear of creating a strong fed gov’t- King George( England) State had more power than the Federal gov’t

Do Now: Explain the powers of each branch of government.

Separation of Powers All 3 branches get to deal with laws Legislative-Makes laws Executive-Enforces laws Judicial –Interprets laws

Precedent: an example to be followed by future President- Washington’s Precedents- 2 terms/cabinet(advisors)/neutrality Marbury v. Madison- Gave S.C. power of Judicial Review-declare laws unconstitutional Alien and Sedition Acts: John Adams Alien-5 to 14 years to be a citizen President can deport any Alien deemed dangerous Sedition: Illegal to criticize the gov’t-against 1 st amendment

Whiskey Rebellion: farmers in Penn upset bc of the excise tax( whiskey) tried to rebel. Washington sent the troops to crush the rebellion-PROVED THE NEW GOV’T was STRONG Lewis and Clark: sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase(Jefferson), find a route to the Pacific, Native Americans, natural resources, led by Sacajawea Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson bought from France(napoleon) Jefferson struggled bc of strict- interpretation of Constitution(Dem-Rep) Jefferson made a treaty-approved by Congress using the Elastic Clause

War of nd War for Independence Causes:impressement, attacking US ships, weapons to Native Americans, Expansion(Canada) Effects: Increased Nationalism, Star Spangled Banner, Andrew Jackson is a hero Embargo Act: Jefferson-US no trade with any nation at all- Hurt US economy Exports-goods sent from US to other countries

Monroe Doctrine: US attempt to stop Europe from recolonizing in the Western Hemisphere “Dangerous to our peace and safety” US will stay out of European affairs “Era of Good Feelings” Period after the War of 1812-Only 1 political party(Democratic Republicans) Period of economic success

Andrew Jackson- elected in 1828 Increased democracy Problems with the Cherokee Bank: Vetoed the Bank-King Andrew the First Cartoon Nullification Crisis Erie Canal-Linked New York City and the Great Lakes-reduced shipping costs dramatically/ Made NY major trading center- helped western farmers

Rural: agricultural-farming Urban: urbanization-cities-factories Manifest Destiny(Polk): belief that US should expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean- spread our democracy across the continent -gained Oregon Country or Fight -annexed(add) Texas-led to Mexican American War -US gained Mexican Cession(Arizona/California etc)

Secession: to break away-South Carolina seceded after the election of 1860 Seneca Falls Convention: Women’s Rights movement Declaration of Sentiments- “All men and women are created equal” Underground Railroad- Harriet Tubman- Conductor-secret network to help slaves escape to freedome

Popular Sovereignty: let the people of a territory decided for themselves if they want to be slave or free Missouri Compromise: (1820) Missouri-Slave state Maine-free state line-all land north free all land south slave

Events Leading to the Civil War Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Harriet Beecher Stowe-showed the evils of slavery-angered southerners Kansas-Nebraska Act- popular sovereignty Illegal voting in Kansas by border ruffians(Missouri)- Led to Bleeding Kansas with John Brown John Brown: raid on Harper’s Ferry-Federal weapons arsenal-arrested (treason), tried, and killed Election of Lincoln elected-South Carolina seceded

Reconstruction Era 13th amendment: abolish slavery 14 th amendment: citizenship-equal protection under the law 15 th amendment: voting rights for African American MALES