L ANDSCAPE C ONSERVATION D ESIGN: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service CONSERVING SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND PEOPLE AN NCTC HUMAN DIMENSIONS BROADCAST ROB CAMPELLONE, USFWS, NWRS, HEADQUARTERS TOM MIEWALD, USFWS/LCC, R1/NORTH PACIFIC CHARLIE PELIZZA, USFWS, EVERGLADES HEADWATERS NWR SARENA SELBO, USFWS, NWRS, HEADQUARTERS

USFWS Mission: “Working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitat for the continuing benefits of the American people.” Introduction Strategic Habitat Conservation An Adaptive Management Framework for Landscape-Scale Conservation

“…nature must be thought of…as part of our inherent indispensable biological need.” Source: Wikipedia on Answers.com; Image: Unknown “If we are to deal with the massive change that seems to be characteristic of our time, we all need to think like designers.” Frederick Law Olmstead Tim Brown Source: Business Insider; Image: Unknown

Sustainability: The Human Dimension Landscapes Change, Ecosystems Service, and LCD Manhattan Island – A Design Case Study Dr. Eric Sanderson, Landscape Ecologist, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo Mannahatta Project – spatial analysis techniques used to recreate the historic pre-settlement landscape : 55 ecological communities 1,000 species Source: Welikia.org; Image: Unknown

title: The Castello Plan (circa 1660) cartographer: jacques cortelyou, general governor of new amsterdam design thinking principle: “empathy”: understand society’s needs lcd principle: sustain ecological and cultural features that society values fws-shc relevance: features = surrogate species

title: The Plan of the City of New York (circa 1767) cartographer: bernard ratzer, surveyor design thinking principle: “research”: understand the current situation lcd principle: assess the landscape’s ability to sustain ecological and cultural features that society values fws-shc relevance: status of surrogate species populations Source: NYPL Digital Collections

title: A Topographical Atlas of the City of New York (circa 1874) cartographer: e. l. viele, engineer design thinking principle: “define”: identify what needs to be improved lcd principle: assess ecological and cultural relationships across time and space fws-shc relevance: identify limiting factors modeling Source: NYPL Digital Collections

title: The Commissioner’s Plan for City of New York (circa 1811) designers: gov. morris, simeon de witt, john rutherford design thinking principle: “vision”: design for system function lcd principles: describe desired future condition for landscape features communicate ecological and socio- economic science collectively identify strategies that achieve the desired future condition fws-shc relevance: designate priority mgt areas identify management strategies Source: NYPL Digital Collections

design thinking principle: “prototype”: experimentation of ideas lcd principles: use best available science be transparent about assumptions conduct assumption-based research iterative process, revise fws-shc relevance: adaptive management Andrew Jackson Downing Source: Wikipedia; Image: Unknown

title: The Greensward Plan (circa 1858) designers: frederick law olmstead, calvert vaux source: Wikimedia Commons design thinking principle: “collaboration”: working together towards a common vision lcd principle: integrated, multi-agency/ organization approach multi-sector, holistic, comprehensive landscape-scale

Source: Google Maps; Image: Rob Campellone (and millions, if not, billions of others!)

Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005 Ecosystem Services

CEQ: Policy Identify Landscape-scale Strategies Data, Assessments, Models, Gap Analyses (temporal and spatial scenarios) Landscape Vision: A Desired Future Condition (goals and objectives for landscape features that society values) AcademiaCommerceDefenseEnergy Delivery & Monitoring Agency/Organization-Specific Planning & Environmental Compliance ( Public Participation ) StatesTransportation Governance Structure: Bridging Entities (e.g., Landscape Conservation Cooperatives) Climate Science Centers AgricultureInteriorNGOsTribes Assumption-based Research, Review & Revise EPA OMB: Budget & Performance DesignProcesses Design Products

landscape conservation design Source: NBCNews.com; Image: Stan Honda product principles: science-based: eco-socio-economic technologically-advanced: models, temporal/spatial scenarios strategies: achieve missions, ensure sustainability process principles: integrated: multi-agency/organization collaborative: working towards a common vision holistic: landscape-scale, comprehensive, multi-sector

Resources Brown, T. (2009). “Change by Design: how design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation.” Brown, H., Cook, R., Gabel, M. (1978). “Environmental Design Science Primer.” IUCN (1980). “World Conservation Strategy: living resource conservation for sustainable development.” Sanderson, E.W. and M. Brown (2007). “Mannahatta: an ecological first look at the Manhattan landscape prior to Henry Hudson.” Northeastern Naturalist 14(4): Nassauer, J.I., and Opdam, P. (2008). “Design in Science: extending the landscape ecology paradigm.” Landscape Ecol 23:633–644 USFWS (2011). “Conservation in Transition.” World Resources Institute (2005). “Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: biodiversity synthesis.” Millennium Ecosystem Assessment