The American Civil War

The 2 sides go by many names United States of America North Union Blue Yankees Billy Yank Confederate States of America Confederate South Gray Rebels Johnny Reb

Capitals Washington, D.C. Richmond, VA Capital of the United States Of America Capital of the Confederate States Of America

Prelude to War Once Abraham Lincoln won the Election of 1860, one by one the Southern States began to secede, until there was 7 initial states in the Confederate States of America. 1.Texas 2.Louisiana 3.Mississippi 4.Alabama 5.Georgia 6.South Carolina 7.Florida

The Presidents United States President Abraham Lincoln Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis

The First Shots of the War April 1861Confederates fire on and take control of Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC

At Fort Sumter

Charleston Harbor

The Bombardment of Fort Sumter

The Rest of the South joins the Confederate States of America 8. Virginia 9. North Carolina 10. Tennessee 11. Arkansas BrainPop on the Civil War

United States and Confederates States Union 1.Maine 2.Vermont 3.New Hampshire 4.Massachusetts 5.Connecticut 6.Rhode Island 7.New Jersey 8.Pennsylvania 9.New York 10.Ohio 11.Indiana 12.Illinois 13.Michigan 14.Wisconsin 15.Iowa 16.Minnesota 17.Kansas 18.California 19.Oregon Confederate 1.Florida 2.Texas 3.Louisiana 4.Arkansas 5.Mississippi 6.Alabama 7.Georgia 8.South Carolina 9.North Carolina 10.Tennessee 11.Virginia Border States were slave states that never joined the Confederate States of America. Missouri KentuckyDelawareMarylandWest Virginia

Advantages/DisadvantagesUnion ► Population – 22,700,000 ► Railroad miles – 21,700 ► Owned 80% of the nations factories and mills to produce war supplies ► Had an overwhelmingly superior navy Confederate ► Population – 6,500,000 (9,000,000 incl. slaves) ► Railroad Miles – 9,000 ► Had the best military leadership ► Had more knowledge of the land and were fighting to protect their homes (all but 2 battles were fought in the South)

Summer 1861 The Union takes control of the border states and the battle lines were established

The Anaconda Plan The Union set up a naval blockade of the Confederate States to prevent the south from trading with other nations, this is known as the Anaconda Plan.

July 1861 The first major battle of the Civil War was fought, the 1 st Battle of Bull Run (aka 1 st Manassas), and won by the Confederate States.

The Monitor vs. The Merrimack Battle of Hampton Road - Wikipedia In March, 1862, the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia (better known as the Merrimack) met in the Chesapeake Bay, this was the first naval battle between ironclad ships…They fought to a draw.

Spring/Summer 1862 In the first year of the war, the Confederate States won large battles in Northern Virginia including the Seven Days Battles near Richmond, Virginia, and the Battle of 2 nd Bull Run.

Meanwhile on the Western Front, the Union had success, winning at the Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, in New Orleans, and along the Mississippi River.

September 1862 Confederate General Robert E. Lee invaded Maryland and fought the Union to a draw at the Battle of Antietam. Many regard the battle as a Union victory however because the Confederacy retreated back into Virginia. This is the Confederacy’s 1 st attempt to invade the North. There were 23,000 casualties at Antietam.

The Emancipation Proclamation After the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all of the slaves being held in the Confederacy (however this did not apply to the border states). October 3, 1862, Lincoln is shown standing on the Battlefield of Antietam.

The following day, October 4, 1862 his Emancipation Proclamation appeared for the first time on the pages of Harper’s Weekly, the most widely distributed newspaper of the day. President Lincoln standing with General McClellan

Fall Spring 1863 After the battle of Antietam, the Confederacy continued its success in defending Northern Virginia by winning large battles at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.

Fall Spring 1863 The Union continues its success in the Western Theater, winning battles at Perryville, KY and fighting to a draw at Murfreesboro, TN. Who is winning in the Eastern Theater and Who is winning in the Western Theater?

July 1863 The Union turns the tide of the war with 2 crucial victories.

1. The Battle of Gettysburg In the Eastern Theater, the Union defeated the Confederate forces at the Battle of Gettysburg, PA. in a 3 day battle that is seen as the most dramatic of the American Civil War. This is the Confederacy’s 2 nd and last attempt to invade the north. There were 51,000 casualties at Gettysburg

The Gettysburg Address

2. The Siege of Vicksburg In the Western Theater, the Union captured the city of Vicksburg, MS, on the Mississippi River after a 5 month siege of the city. Along with having control of New Orleans, taking Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and a huge advantage in the war.

"Vicksburg is the key. The war can never be brought to a close until the key is in our pocket,“ Abraham Lincoln "Vicksburg is the nail head that holds the South's two halves together," Jefferson Davis Battle of Vicksburg - Classzone

Fall 1863 In 2 important battles in Southern Tennessee/Northern Georgia, the Confederacy won the battle of Chickamauga but suffered 18,000 casualties, then lost the Battle for Chattanooga soon after. The Union gained control of crucial railroad junctions with this victory crippling the Confederacy. The Union gained control of crucial railroad junctions with this victory crippling the Confederacy.

Spring 1864 The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, though winning battles began to wear down and by the summer, the Union Army is able to march into the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA. Richmond, Virginia in ruins

Summer 1864 Union General William T. Sherman burned Atlanta, GA and began his famous “March to the Sea” to Savannah, GA, destroying plantations and towns along the way. Union soldiers destroying railroad in Atlanta

Sherman’s March After reaching Savannah, Sherman turned north and drove through North Carolina to link up with Union General U.S. Grant in Virginia.

Battle of Bentonville, March 1865 In North Carolina’s largest civil war battle, the Union Army with 60,000 soldiers under General Sherman defeated the Confederate Army of 21,000 soldiers on March 19-21, 1865.

April 1865 Union forces under General Grant catch up to Confederate General Lee at Appomattox Court House, VA. General Lee surrenders. The war ends soon after. Confederate soldiers surrendering their artillery at Appomattox.

Appomattox Court House April 1865 Present Day

Important Topics of the Civil War and North Carolina in the Civil War

54 th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The 1 st union infantry regiment made up of only African-Americans in the United States Civil War.

54 th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The 54 th ’s most famous action was the unsuccessful storming of Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the commanding officer of The 54 th. The 54 th storming Fort Wagner

Blockade Running Because of the lack of manufacturing in the South, the need for war supplies and the Anaconda Plan, the Confederacy had to rely on fast steamships to “run the blockade” and get supplies from Europe. Wilmington, N.C. was the Confederacy’s best blockade running port.

Union attacks in North Carolina From 1861 until 1865, all Union attacks in North Carolina were centered around its coastline, especially the outer banks which the Confederacy did not try very hard to protect. However, the Confederacy did protect its supply lifeline from its best blockade running port to Richmond, Virginia. What was that supply lifeline? The Wilmington and Weldon Railroad

The Albemarle Like the Monitor and Merrimack, North Carolina built its own Ironclad ship, known as “The Albemarle.”

Fort Fisher Known as the “Gibraltar of the South”, Fort Fisher guarded the entrance to the Cape Fear River and the Port of Wilmington. It was made up of “earthworks.” In other words, it was like a gigantic L shaped sandcastle. Because it was made up largely of sand, artillery like cannonballs did little damage to it. The Union did not capture Fort Fisher until 1865, the last year of the war.

Fort Fisher

North Carolina Civil War Statistics

96% of all North Carolina men between the age of served in the Confederate Army.

North Carolina troops made up more than 1/6 of the Confederate Army.

40,000 North Carolinians died in the Civil War, more than any other state in the Confederacy.

Civil War Confederate Battle Deaths