Chapter 11 The Civil War

Objectives……. Explain how the war started. started. Identify leaders of the North and South North and South Understand the Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation and its Proclamation and its effects. effects.

The Civil War Begins 7 Southern states seceded from the Union forming their own government and army called the “Confederacy.” 7 Southern states seceded from the Union forming their own government and army called the “Confederacy.” They attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina. They attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling volunteers to serve the Union army. Lincoln responded by calling volunteers to serve the Union army America and the Civil War

Resources: North vs. South

More fighting power. More factories. More food. More railroads. Better leadership. King cotton. First rate generals. Strong military tradition. Highly motivated soldiers.

Winfield Scott Irwin McDowell McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade George McClellan, Again! Ulysses S. Grant

“Stonewall” Jackson George Pickett James Longstreet Nathan Bedford Forrest Jeb Stuart Robert E. Lee

Battles of the American Civil War Johnny Reb Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant Billy Yank antietam/videos#grant-or-lee

Fort Sumter South Carolina became the first state to secede. April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired on the Union stronghold in Charleston (S.C.) 4000 rounds were fired and Major Anderson surrendered rounds were fired and Major Anderson surrendered.

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

Bull Run July 21, 1861, 30,000 Union troops attacked Confederate forces near Richmond, Virginia. July 21, 1861, 30,000 Union troops attacked Confederate forces near Richmond, Virginia. The Union drove the rebels back, but after seeing General Thomas J. Jackson standing like a “stone wall” in the face of the enemy, the rebels counter attacked crushing the Union.

Fort Henry & Donelson February 1862, Union troops led by General U.S. Grant, attacked and defeated the Confederate troops at Fort Henry and Donelson. General Grant would only accept an “unconditional surrender”.

Ironclads Confederate forces covered a Northern ship, the Merrimack, with iron plating. The Union did the same to their own ship, the Monitor. On March 9, 1862, the two ironclads fired on each other, neither being damaged.

Ironclads

Shiloh April 6, 1862, General Grant’s forces were surprised by Confederate forces early in the morning. By the next day Grant had reorganized his men and forced a retreat. Over 25,000 men were killed, captured, or wounded.

New Orleans In April 1862, Captain David G. Faragut led the Union to take control of the harbor at the mouth of the Mississippi River. The Union victory gave them complete control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half.

Antietam September 17, 1862, the two armies met at Antietam Creek, north of Washington, D.C. Over 26,000 troops were killed in one day. making this the bloodiest single day battle in our nation’s history. Over 26,000 troops were killed in one day. making this the bloodiest single day battle in our nation’s history. It was officially a draw.

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Emancipation Proclamation “ All persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free…..And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.” attle-of-antietam/videos#civil- war-turning-point

Chancellorsville May 1863, Confederate forces defeated the Union forces at Chancellorsville. General “Stonewall” Jackson was accidentally killed by his own men when he returned from a patrol at night.

Gettysburg Confederate forces led by General Lee took control of the town of Gettysburg. Union forces led by General George G. Meade had control of the hill area just outside of town. From July 1-3, 1863, the battle went back and forth. 23,000 Union and 28,000 Confederate troops were killed. The defeat forced General Lee to retreat back to Virginia. The defeat forced General Lee to retreat back to Virginia.

Vicksburg July 4, 1863, Union troops led by General Grant forced Confederate troops to surrender in Mississippi. The Confederate government collapsed. General Lee fought on for another year and a half even thought he knew the war was over.

Surrender at Appomattox By April 1865, it was clear that the South had been defeated. April 9, 1865, General Lee formally surrendered to General Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. The war was finally over. antietam/videos#lincolns-life-and-legacy- the-loneliest-manhttp:// antietam/videos#lincolns-life-and-legacy- the-loneliest-man Lincoln, Commander and Chief

Casualties

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