Today we will… Review the causes of the Civil War by creating a foldable for the first half of class. Then, we will delve into the first half of the major events of the war by taking some notes, watching videos, and completing part of a chart. Quiz next block on this material!

Causes of the Civil War

Mounting sectional tensions and a failure of political will led to the Civil War, which was fought from A civil war is a war between people of the same country.

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 1. Sectional debate over tariffs, the extension of slavery in the territories, and the nature of the Union (states’ rights) Sectional Debate Tariffs States’ Rights Slavery

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 2. Northern abolitionists v. southern defenders of slavery

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 3. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 4. Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 5. Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 6. A history of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories M ISSOURI C OMPROMISE C OMPROMISE OF 1850

The SOLs have identified seven causes of the Civil War: 7. President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

Civil War Causes & Abolitionists Foldable Each of the following terms must include a thorough explanation, in your words, with a picture/illustration Must include: 1.The Missouri Compromise 2.Compromise of Kansas-Nebraska Act 4.Dred Scott Decision 5.William Lloyd Garrison 6.Harriet Beecher Stowe Whatever you don’t finish by 10:00am is for homework, due Fri. 12/5

The Union Crumbles Following the Election of Lincoln

In the 1860 presidential election Abraham Lincoln of Illinois ran as the Republican Party candidate. The Democratic Party split over the issue of slavery. Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas of Illinois as their candidate, while Southern Democrats chose John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky to run for president. A fourth political party, the Constitutional Unionists, nominated John Bell of Tennessee as its candidate.

Because of the split in the Democratic Party, Abraham Lincoln easily won a majority of electoral votes and became the 16 th president of the United States. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 was followed by the secession of several Southern states who feared Lincoln would try to abolish slavery.

In late 1860 and early 1861 South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas voted to secede (withdraw) from the Union. In February 1861, these states established a new nation called the Confederate States of America.

The Confederate States of America chose as its president Jefferson Davis, who was serving as a U.S. senator from Mississippi at the time of his state’s secession.

To recap… (for your Major Events of the Civil War FITB notes) Election of 1860—Lincoln is elected President without winning a single electoral vote in the Southern States

On December 20, 1860, South Carolina officially seceded. Six other states of the Lower South followed.

February 1861—these states proclaimed themselves a new nation, the Confederate States of America, or Confederacy Jefferson Davis, a former senator from Mississippi became president of the Confederacy

Fort Sumter President Lincoln received word that supplies (food and daily needs) were running out at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. If supplies didn’t come soon, they’d have to surrender the fort to the Confederacy Lincoln sent supply ships to the fort despite the hostile environment. Then he waited.

Jefferson Davis Response Jefferson Davis attacked the fort before the supply ships arrived. On April 12, 1861, Confederates fired on Fort Sumter. The Civil War had begun.

Following the Confederates’ attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln called on the states to provide 75,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion in the South. While the Northern states immediately responded to Lincoln’s call for troops, the slave states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas refused to take up arms against their sister Southern states and instead voted to secede and join the Confederacy.

Key Battles

The SOLs identify three important battles during the Civil War: Antietam, Gettysburg, and Appomattox.

General Robert E. Lee invaded Maryland in 1862, where he fought the Union army at the Battle of Antietam. Although Antietam was a military stalemate, the Northern press interpreted this battle as a major Union victory, because General Lee and his Confederate army retreated into Virginia. Union military success at the Battle of Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation following the battle. Because of the battle’s relationship to the Emancipation Proclamation, historians consider Antietam one of the war’s most important battles.

In a nutshell… (FITB notes) ANTIETAM Bloodiest day of the war 6,000 Killed and 17,000 Wounded Lee retreated Union Victory

We’ll continue with Emancipation Proclamation on page 4 of your packet, next block. Video Break: JG Civil War pt Then, turn to page 5 and complete the Election of 1860 and Attack of Ft. Sumter in the chart. Remember, quiz next block on the Causes of the Civil War and page 3 of your packet (notes we just took!). [not all multiple choice!]

Fredericksburg December 13, 1862 Union casualties: 10,884 Confederate casualties: 4,669

CHANCELLORSVILLE May 1-4, 1863 Union casualties: 11,000 Confederate casualties: 11,000

The Union victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in July 1863 proved to be the military turning point of the Civil War. Once again, the Union army repulsed an attempt by General Lee to invade the North. After Lee withdrew his defeated Confederate army from Gettysburg and marched back into Virginia, it was only a matter of time before the Union defeated the Confederacy.

The Wilderness May 5-6, 1864 Union casualties: 17,666 Confederate casualties: 11,033 The Wilderness

Spotsylvania Courthouse May 8-21, 1864 Union casualties: 18,399 Confederate casualties: 12,687 Spotsylvania Courthouse

The end for the Confederate States of America came in April 1865, when Confederate forces under the command of General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox ended the Civil War.

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Freed those slaves located in “rebelling” states (seceded Southern states) Made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim Discouraged any interference of foreign governments Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army …ENSLAVED PEOPLE IN THE AREAS IN OPEN REBELLION AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT WOULD … BE FREE.” ISSUED AFTER ANTIETAM

GETTYSBURG Lee is defeated at Gettysburg and he retreats South Lee is never able to go on the offensive again Considered the turning point of the Civil War

Gettysburg Casualties

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Gettysburg Address:...a struggle to preserve a nation...“all men are created equal”... a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states.

APPOMATTOX April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders at Appomattox court house

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars