HW: Vocab and Discussion Questions due Wednesday… Test Friday.

 What was the Kansas Nebraska Act?  “Bleeding Kansas”  The name Bleeding Kansas refers to the violent sectional conflicts in the American Midwest in the mid to late 1850s.  Also referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, Bleeding Kansas was a very significant event in American History illustrating the depth of the struggle between “slave” and “free” states.

 “Border Ruffians”  Pro-Slave Southerners living in Missouri who crossed the border into Kansas to try to rig elections.  Raided the town of Lawrence Kansas-burning and looting the free soil community  Example of Tension turning to violence

 Pottawatomie Creek Massacre  Led by John Brown (abolitionist)  John Brown, two other men, (and 3 of his sons) killed, massacred, butchered 5 pro slavery settlers in response.  Battle at Osawatomie  Pro slavery forces shot John Brown’s son.  Battle included use of canons and pitted pro-slave vs Abolitionist

 What is the purpose of government?  How does our federal government work?  Separation of Powers?  Branches of Government?

 Brooks – Sumner  Following Bleeding Kansas… ▪ Sumner destroys Southerners in a speech, arguing they are at fault. “hirelings, picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization- in the form of men”. ▪ The south just got served… ▪ Preston Brooks, a SC representative, a few days later beats him unconscious with a cane. ▪ Sumner would not return to Senate for 3 years.

 Who was it between?  What political parties are we talking about?  Why was it so important?

Republican Party Republican Party – (new party) political party formed united under the belief that “no man can own another man...that slavery must be prohibited in the territories…that all new states must be free states…that the rights of our colored citizens…must be protected.”

 Lincoln – the challenger  decries “Southern plot” to extend slavery  promises to work for slaverys extinction  casts slavery as a moral problem, not just political  Douglas – the incumbent (already a senator)  accuses Lincoln of favoring equality  Lincoln loses election, gains national reputation “THE FIGHT MUST GO ON.”

Election of 1860: Main Candidates Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) John Bell (Constitutional Union) * Lincoln won the election.

 Lincoln wins with just 40% of the votes  10 southern states did not put his name on the ballot  The South realizes that they have no power left in the government and that ending slavery would be a goal of the new president. Possibility of secession.  A Senate committee was formed to work out a compromise and save the Union

December 20, 1860 Interview with Lincoln  Promised not to interfere with slavery in the South.  He would support the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.  Under no circumstance would he allow slavery to spread into the new territories.

 Represented the growing tension over Sectionalist divide in the US.  Example of the use of violence instead of compromise to settle disputes.  Gains National attention and pits pro-slavery vs abolitionist against eachother.  Foreshadows the Civil War.

John Browns Raid: In 1859, John Brown and his (21) followers seized a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. What is an arsenal? What was his goal? John Brown in August, 1859.

Engine house at Harpers Ferry; aka John Brown’s Fort

Last Moments of John Brown (painting by Thomas Hovenden) Do you think the artist was from the North or the South? Why?

"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done." --John Brown, statement at his sentencing on Nov. 2, 1859

In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states seceded from the Union, (the same day as his interview) forming the Confederate States of America (or the Confederacy). Secession: Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag

 Crittenden Compromise in Senate offered 6 unrepealable amendments  House proposed 3 compromises:  Admitting New Mexico as slave state  Resolution calling for obedience to Fugitive Slave law & repeal of personal liberty laws  13 th Amendment to guarantee slavery against any future interference

Jefferson Davis was named the President of the Confederacy.

“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not mine, are the momentous issues of civil war. The Government will not assail (attack) you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors…We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”

Fort Sumter, South Carolina, was important because it guarded Charleston harbor. The US (Union Army) still had troops in this fort. * The Civil War had now begun! Fort Sumter Why do you think the Confederacy attacked the fort?

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor April 12 and 13, 1861

Lincoln’s Response -75,000 Volunteers and a blockade of all Southern ports Both sides prepare for war

Civil War: Union v. Confederacy