Chapter 7 ELECTRICITY. Electric Charge Protons have a positive electric charge; electrons have a negative electric charge -In most atoms, the charge of.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Electricity Chapter 13.
Advertisements

Electricity and It’s charge
Electricity Physical Science.
Electricity. Static Electricity  Static electricity is the buildup of excess electric charge on an object.
Electricity Chapter 7.
CH 7 Electricity.
What is an electric charge?
Electricity Notes Electric Charges – all things have electric charges.
Chapter 20/21/22 Electricity  Electric Charge –Protons have positive electric charge –electrons have negative electric charge.  Atoms get charged by.
Electricity Chapter 20.
Electricity. 2 Electric Charges: Proton = Positive charge Electron = Negative Charge The amount of positive charge on a proton equals the amount of negative.
Electricity: Section 1 Electric Charge A. Protons have positive electric charge; electrons have negative electric charge. 1. In most atoms, the charges.
7.
Positive and Negative Charge
Chapter 21 Electricity. Opposite charges attract, like repel Charged objects can cause electrons to rearrange their positions on a neutral object.
Unit 10 Chapter 13. You will have carpal tunnel syndrome by the end of this unit if you don’t learn how to summarize the information contained in this.
1 Electricity Chapter Charged objects Neutral Equal positive and negative charges Positive Fewer negative charges (lost electrons) Negative More.
7.
Chapter 7 Section 1 Electric Charge
Chapter 7: Electricity Recall: Electrons have a negative charge. Electrons can be transferred from one atom to another. Objects that have extra electrons.
Chapter 7 Electricity. Section 1 Electricity Structure of Atoms Atoms contain the following… ParticleChargeLocation Proton+1Nucleus Neutron0Nucleus Electron.
Electric Current.
Electricity Chapter 7.
Chapter 7 Electricity. An atom is the basic unit of matter and is made of protons, neutrons, & electrons – protons: + charge – electrons: - charge – neutrons:
Warm-Up: 1. What does it mean for a particle to have a “charge”? 2. When do you observe static electricity?
Atoms contain particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons have electric charge, and neutrons have no electric charge. Positive.
Electric Current Chapter 7 section 2.
Chapter 7 Electricity. Charge comes from Parts of the Atom – Nucleus (middle) Protons – positive Neutrons – neutral – Outside Electrons – negative It.
Introduction to Electricity
ELECTRICITY What would life be like without electricity? List 4 things that you would miss the most: 1) ______________________________ 2) ______________________________.
CHAPTER 17 ELECTRICITY. ELECTRIC CHARGE Charges Exert Force Atoms are composed of particles with ­charges. The law of electric charges states that like.
A_____ is a circuit with only one loop for current to follow. Series circuit.
Physical Science Chapter 17
Magnetism A. Magnetism – the properties and interactions of magnets 1. Interactions between two magnets called magnetic force increases as magnets move.
Electrical Current. Detecting electrical charge Electroscope: an instrument to detect electrical charge.
Electrostatics ELECTROSTATICS. History J.J. Thomson – discovered negatively charged particles which he called electrons Ernest Rutherford – discovered.
Table of Contents Chapter: Electricity Section 3: Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy Section 1: Electric Charge Section 2: Electric CurrentElectric.
7 7 Chapter 7: Electricity Unit 2: Electricity and Energy Resources Table of Contents : Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy 7.1: Electric Charge.
ELECTRICITY: Electrical Energy (Circuits)
Electricity and Magnetism 8 th grade Physical Science.
Chapter 7 ELECTRICITY. Electric Charge Protons have a positive electric charge; electrons have a negative electric charge -In most atoms, the charge of.
Electricity. What is Electricity? a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons) either static as an.
Electricity & Magnetism. Electricity Electric charges are from protons+ which are positive particles and electrons- which are negative particles. Static.
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICITY PS 11 a-c I can design an investigation to illustrate the effects of static electricity. I can design an investigation to illustrate.
Unit 7 Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the movement of electrons.
Electricity 7-1, 7-2 Electric Charge and Electric Current.
Electrical Charge We can talk positive and negative electrical charges. Can we transfer charges from one object to another? –Yes Can you think of an example?
Electric Charges Two types of electric charges: – Positive = protons – Negative = electrons – If # of electrons = # of protons, neutral – More electrons,
Electrical Circuits Section 7.3. Electrical Circuits Circuits rely on generators at power plants to produce a voltage difference across the outlet, causing.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Vocabulary Ch. 13 static electricity law of conservation of charges
Electricity - BASIC CONCEPTS.
Electricity Notes Electric Charges – all things have electric charges.
Charge on the Move Ch. 7 section 2
Electric Charge.
Electricity Chapter 17.
Chapter 7 Electricity.
Chapter 7 Electricity.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Electricity Electric Current.
6.1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity
Probe the fundamental principles and applications of electricity
ELECTRICITY: Electric Current
Chapter 7 Electricity.
Electricity Mrs. “” Burge.
ELECTRICITY: Electric Charge
Electricity.
Section 1 Electric Charge
Electricity Electric Charge.
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7 ELECTRICITY

Electric Charge Protons have a positive electric charge; electrons have a negative electric charge -In most atoms, the charge of the protons and electrons cancel each other out ant the atom has no NET CHARGE. -Atoms become charged by gaining or losing electrons

Static electricity- the accumulation of excess electric charges on an object

What do you think happens when you get static electricity in your hair?

Electrically charged objects obey the following rules: 1.Law of Conservation of charge- charge may be transferred from object to object, but it cannot be created or destroyed 2. Opposite charges attract, and like charges repel. 3. Charges can act on each other even at a distance, because any charge that is placed in an electric field will be pulled or pushed by the field. 4. Electrons move more easily through conductors, like metal. 5. Electrons do not move easily through insulators such as plastic, wood, rubber, and glass.

Insulators Conductors

Transferring Electric charge 1.Charging by contact-The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing -Example: Static electricity 2.Charging by induction -The rearrangement of electrons of a neutral object caused by a nearby object. -Example: A negatively charged balloon near your sleeve causes an area of your sleeve to become positively charged. 3. Static Discharge -A transfer of charge through air between two objects because of a buildup of static electricity -example: lightning 4. Grounding- using a conductor to direct an electric charge to the ground.

Visualizing lightning

Grounding

Electroscope- used to detect electrical charges

Do you see how the water flows down the cliff? Water takes the past of least resistance-it flows where its easiest for water to go. Electric currents flow and experience resistance too. 1. Which do you think has more energy, the waterfall in this picture or Niagara Falls? 2. How do people use the energy in water currents?

ELECTRIC CURRENT The flow of electric charges through a wire or conductor -Electric current is measured in amperes(A) -Charges flow from an area of high voltage to an area of low voltage -Current is the flow of electrons

Voltage A voltage difference is measured in volts(V) A voltage difference is the push that causes charges to move

Sources of electricity A dry cell battery- produces A VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ITS ZINC CONTAINER AND ITS CARBON SUSBENSION ROD, CAUSING CURRENT TO FLOW BETWEEN THEM

What can you infer about battery capacity and battery life from this diagram?

A WET CELL Battery- contains two connected plates made of different metals in a conducting solution

Wall sockets- have a voltage difference across the two holes of an electric outlet and a generator at a power plant provides this voltage difference.

Resistance - The tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical material into thermal energy and light. All materials have some electrical resistance Resistance is measured in Ohms Making wires thinner, longer, or hotter increases the resistance.

OHMS LAW- the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Circuits rely on generators at power plants to produce a voltage difference across the outlet, causing the charge to move when the circuit is complete. Two types of circuits- series and parallel

Series Circuit- The current has only one loop to flow through The parts of a series circuit are wired one after another, so the amount of current is the same through every point. Open circuit- if any part of a circuit is disconnected. No current flows through the circuit. For example- Christmas lights

Parallel Circuits -Contains two or more branches for current to move through. Individual parts can be turned off without affecting the entire circuit. Example- The electrical system in a house.

Household circuits use parallel circuits connected in a logical network Each branch receives the standard voltage difference from the electric company. Electrical energy enters your home at the circuit breaker or fuse box and branches out to wall sockets, major appliances and lights.

Does your home have a fuse box or circuit breaker? Why is it there? How does it work?

Electric Fuse- contains a small piece of metal that melts if the current becomes to high, opening the circuit and stopping the flow of current Circuit Breaker- contains a small piece of metal that bends when it gets hot, opening the circuit and stopping the flow of current.

Electrical energy is easily converted to mechanical, thermal, or light energy. Some examples are:

Electrical power- the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy. Electrical power is expressed in Watts(W) Power= current X voltage difference P(watts)= I(ampere) X V(volts)

To Calculate the amount of energy an appliance uses: The unit of electrical energy is the kilowatt-hour, which equals 1000 watts of power used for one hour. Energy=power X time E(kWh)= P(kW) X t(h)

The cost of using home appliances

What are some ways you can save on electrical use in your home?