16.2 Current I CAN: -RECALL THAT CURRENT IS MEASURED IN AMPERES (A), WHICH IS EQUAL TO ONE COULOMB OF CHARGE PER SECOND (C/S). -RECALL THAT POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (VOLTAGE) ACROSS AN ENERGY SOURCE IS MEASURED IN POTENTIAL ENERGY IN JOULES AND IS EQUAL TO ONE JOULE (J) OF ENERGY PER COULOMB OF CHARGE (J/C).

Voltage and Current Electrical potential energy: the ability to move an electric charge from one point to another.

Electrical Potential Energy and Relative Postion Force can push a charge in the opposite direction.

Potential difference is measured in volts, creates current Potential difference: (between two points) the work that must be done against electric forces to move a unit charge from one point to another. (think water pressure) Si Unit= volt (V) 1 J/C Often called VOLTAGE. 12 V battery… Current: the rate that electric charges move through a conductor. SI Unit= ampere 1 amp= 1C of charge moving past a point in 1 second.

Electrical Resistance The opposition posed by a material or a device to the flow of current. More load=more resistance Different filaments are put in light bulbs to create more or less resistance. ie: 40 W v. 100 W light bulbs. Resistance= voltage/current Conductors have low resistance, while insulators have a high resistance.

16.3 I CAN: - EXPLAIN HOW THE POWER SOURCE SUPPLIES THE ELECTRONS ALREADY IN A CIRCUIT WITH ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY BY DOING WORK TO SEPARATE OPPOSITE CHARGES -RECOGNIZE THAT EXPERIMENTS, INVESTIGATIONS AND TESTING (3-D OR VIRTUAL) MUST BE USED TO CONSTRUCT A VARIETY OF CIRCUITS, AND MEASURE AND COMPARE THE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. -DESCRIBE HOW ELECTRONS TRANSFER ENERGY TO OTHER OBJECTS AND TRANSFORM ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTO OTHER FORMS (E.G., LIGHT, SOUND, HEAT). -RECALL THAT RESISTORS OPPOSE THE RATE OF CHARGE FLOW IN A CIRCUIT.

Circuits Electric Circuit: set of electrical components connected such that they provide one or more complete paths for the movement of charges. Closed v. open Series: the components of a circuit that form a single path for current Parallel: a circuit in which all of the components are connected to each side by side.

Electrical Power and Electrical Energy Electrical Energy: the energy that is associated with charged particles because of their positions. Power= current (I) x voltage (V) SI Unit=Watt (W)

Fuses: electrical device that contains a metal strip that melts when current in the circuit becomes too great Circuit breaker: switch that opens a circuit automatically when the current exceeds a certain value.