Hebrews Warning Against Apostasy November 1, 2015 Through the Bible in a Year Xavier Reyna, Director Ben Compere, Editor Wayman Lim, Choir Director Susan Turner, Prayer Warrior “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The epistle to the Hebrews is a unique book in the New Testament. It begins as an essay (1:1-3), progresses as a sermon (1:4-13:17) and ends as a letter (13:18-13:25.

Agenda Introduction Lesson Keys The Author The Audience Old Testament Structure Purpose Summary Analysis Exposition Themes Application Agenda “That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong.” II Corinthians 12:10 “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

An Introduction to a Book of the Bible Provides Three Things: 1.Information: general information about the book 2.Insights: to enhance a more detailed study of the book 3.Incentive: whets your appetite to pursue further study of the book Introduction “… Second Corinthians reveals the apostle’s heart. His character, motives, priorities, desires, and emotions are exposed more clearly in this epistle than in any other.” Wilkinson and Boa, “Talk Thru the New Testament” “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Hebrews is One of the General Epistles “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Hebrews is the Longest of the General Epistles “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The author demonstrates to his readers the superiority of Jesus over all that preceded him by using scripture for the purpose of warning them against apostasy and encouraging them in their faith. The Superior Son Lesson “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Problems In Understanding Hebrews 1.Long, sustained, hard to follow argument 2.Alternates between exposition of scripture texts and exhortation against apostasy 3.Based heavily on the Old Testament 4.Anonymous author 5.Anonymous audience Key “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The Four Keys to Aid in Understanding Hebrews 1.Theme: the superiority of Jesus Christ 2.Method: exposition of Old Testament scripture 3.Purpose: exhortation to warn the readers against apostasy and encourage them to remain in the faith. 4.Style: Alternating of scripture exposition and exhortation in making the argument Key “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

What We Don’t Know About The Author of Hebrews Who he is: the epistle is anonymous Scholars have speculated: –Paul –Luke –Clement of Rome –Barnabas –Priscilla –Jude –Apollos –Silas The Author “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

What Little We Know About The Author of Hebrews Likely a Hellenistic Jewish Christian –Writes in an excellent Greek style –Well acquainted with the Greek Old Testament –Seems familiar with in Greek philosophical thought –Interprets Old Testament in a rabbinical manner Not an eyewitness to Jesus’ ministry (2:3) Probably in touch with Paul’s ministry –Knew Timothy (13;23) –Shares some of Paul’s letter writing features (13:22-25) The Author “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

What Little We Know About Those to Whom Hebrews Was Written Likely a Hellenistic Jewish Christians since the author used the Greek Old Testament Received the gospel from eyewitness of Jesus (2:1-3) Witnessed signs, wonders, miracles and gifts of the spirit (2:4) Had been Christians long enough that they should be teachers (5:12) Had and were ministering to the saints (6:10) The Audience “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

What Little We Know About Those to Whom Hebrews Was Written…2 Had endured great suffering but not to the point of martyrdom (12:4) Members of a church in a specific location (13:24) In danger of returning to Judaism (2:1; 3:6,14; 4:1,11; 5:11,12; 6:1-8, 11,12; 9:9,10; 10:23, 36-39; 13:9-12) Knew Timothy (13:23) Probably resided somewhere in Italy (13:24) The Audience “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

In Spite of All the Uncertainty The Best Guess for Hebrews Written by a Greek Jewish Christian in the late 60’s AD just before or during the persecution of Nero Written to a congregation of Greek Jewish Christians who resided in Rome The Author and Audience “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The Author of Hebrews Uses the Old Testament Liberally to Make His Case Exposition of texts (quotes) Examples from the lives of characters Illustration using events Typology of institutions and ceremonies Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, “Hebrews is actually a commentary on the Old Testament.”. Philip Yancey, “The Student Bible”

Author of Hebrews Quotes the Old Testament 38 Times Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, No.TextOld Testament No.TextOld Testament 1Hebrews 1:5aPsalm 2:7 20Hebrews 7:1-2Genesis 14: Hebrews 1:5b2 Samuel 7:14 21Hebrews 7:17,21Psalm 110:4 3Hebrews 1:6Deuteronomy 32:43 22Hebrews 8:5Exodus 25:40 4Hebrews 1:7Psalm 104:4 23Hebrews 8:8-12Jeremiah 31: Hebrews 1:8-9Psalm 45:6-7 24Hebrews 9:20Exodus 24:8 6Hebrews 1:10-12Psalm 102: Hebrews 10:5-7Psalm 40:6-8 7Hebrews 1:13Psalm 110:1 26Hebrews 10:16-17Jeremiah 31: Hebrews 2:6-8Psalm 8:4-6 27Hebrews 10:28Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15 9Hebrews 2:12Psalm 22:22 28Hebrews 10:30Deuteronomy 32: Hebrews 2:13aIsaiah 8:17 29Hebrews 10:37-38Habakkuk 2:3-4 11Hebrews 2:13bIsaiah 8:18 30Hebrews 11:5Genesis 5:24 12Hebrews 3:7-11Psalm 95: Hebrews 11:18Genesis 21:12 13Hebrews 3:15Psalm 95:7-8 32Hebrews 11:21Genesis 47:31 14Hebrews 4:3,5Psalm 95:11 33Hebrews 12:5-6Proverbs 3: Hebrews 4:4Genesis 2:2 34Hebrews 12:20Exodus 19: Hebrews 4:7Psalm 95:7-8 35Hebrews 12:21Deuteronomy 9:19 17Hebrews 5:5Psalm 2:7 36Hebrews 12:26Haggai 2:6 18Hebrews 5:6Psalm 110:4 37Hebrews 13:5Deuteronomy 31:6, 8 19Hebrews 6:13-14Genesis 22: Hebrews 13:6Psalm 118:6 “The purpose of the author’s exegesis of the Old testament scripture, as of his general argument, is to establish the finality of the gospel by contrast with all that went before it…” F.F. Bruce, “The Epistle to the Hebrews”

Author of Hebrews Uses Many Old Testament Characters 1.Cain and Abel (11:4; 12:24) 2.Enoch (11:5,6) 3.Noah (11:7) 4.Abraham (7:1-10; 11:8-19) 5.Isaac (11:21) 6.Jacob (11:21) 7.Esau (12:16) 8.Joseph (11:22 ) 9.Melchizedek (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17) 10.Moses (3:1-6; 11:23ff.) 11.Aaron (5:4; 9:4) 12.Rahab (11:31) 13.Gideon (11:32) 14.Barak (11:32) 15.Samson (11:32) 16.Jephthah (11:32) 17.David (4:7; 11:32) 18.Samuel (11:32) Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Author of Hebrews Uses a Number of Old Testament Events 1.Creation (1:2; 4:4; 11:2) 2.The Fall (6:8) 3.Moses in Egypt (11:24-27) 4.The Passover (11:28) 5.The Exodus (3:16; 11:29) 6.Events at Mt. Sinai (9:18-21; 12:18-21) 7.Entry into the Promised Land (3:18,19; 11:30) Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Author of Hebrews Uses Old Testament Institutions and Ceremonies 1.The Tabernacle (9:1-5) 2.The Day of Atonement (9:7) 3.The priesthood (5:1-3; 10:11) 4.Sacrifices (7:27; 8:3) 5.Rites of purification (9:13) 6.The law (7:28; 8:4) 7.The covenant (9:15-20) Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Hebrews is a Bridge Between the Old and New Testaments Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Old TestamentNew Testament Shadows And Types Substance And Realities Quotes Allusions Events Institutions Ceremonies FAITH (Chapter 11) ”… the relationship between the old and new systems is not simply one of contrast. There is also a strong element of continuity. This is provided the concept of faith.. I.H. Marshall, “new Testament Theology”

The Author Bases His Exposition on Seven Old Testament Texts Hebrews PassageOld Testament Text 2:5-18Psalm 8:4-6 3:7-4:13Psalm 95:7-11 4:16-7:28Psalm 110:4 8:1-10:18Jeremiah 31: :32-12:3Habakkuk 2:3,4 12:3-14Proverbs 3:11,12 12:18-29Exodus 19 Old Testament “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

These Fundamentals are Essential for Understanding the Structure of Hebrews “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Structure 1.Consists of alternating blocks of exposition and exhortation 2.The exposition is about how the Son is better than different beings and institutions that preceded him 3.The exhortation deals with the same themes: –The danger of punishment for falling away –The need to listen to and obey the voice of God –Faith and endurance in the face of trials

Hebrews Alternates Between Exposition and Exhortation (Each exhortation includes a warning) Introduction 1:1-3 Exposition (62%)Exhortation (38%) 1:4-142:1-4 2:5-3:63:7-4:16 5:1-105:11-6:12 6:13-10:1810: :1-4012:1-13:17 Closing 13:18-25 “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Structure

The Purpose for Writing Hebrews is to: WARN the readers of the consequences of departing from Jesus and returning to their former way of life ENCOURAGE the readers to persevere in the faith in spite of the tribulations associated with it Purpose “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Summary of Hebrews The author begins by introducing the Son as the one through whom God now speaks: heir of all things, image of God, maintainer of all things, purifier from all sins (1:1-3). He then proceeds to demonstrate by using Old Testament texts that God’s Son is superior to all angelic or human beings (1:4-4:13); his eternal and heavenly priesthood is superior to that of Levi; his sacrifice done once for all is superior to those offered repeatedly under the Mosaic code (4:14-7:28); his covenant is superior to all of those which preceded it (8:1-10:39) and that the faith required to please God is the same faith the ancient people of God possessed (11:1-40). The demonstration of the superiority of Jesus is designed to warn the readers not to turn back from the Christian faith to the forms of piety they once knew and to persevere in the faith despite the present trials and (2:1-4; 3:7-4:11; 5:11-6:12; 10:19-39; 12:1-13:17). The author closes his brief word of exhortation with a series of personal greetings (13:18-25). Summary “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Hebrews: Abbreviated Analysis I.Introduction: (1:1–3) II.The Superiority of the Son (1:4–10:18) III.The Outworking of the Son’s Superiority in the Life of the Believer (10:19–13:17) IV.Concluding Instructions and Greetings (13:18- 25) Analysis “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Hebrews: Detailed Analysis The Superiority of the Son (1:4-10:18) A. Superior to the Angels (1:5–2:18) First Warning: Don’t Drift Away (2:1-4) B. Superior to Moses (3:1–4:13) Second Warning: Don’t Harden Your Heart (3:7–4:13) C. Superior to the Priesthood of Aaron (4:14–7:28) Third Warning: You No Longer Try (5:11–6:8) D. Superior to the Old Covenant Ministry (8:1–10:18) Analysis “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Hebrews: Detailed Analysis The Outworking of the Son’s Superiority in the Life of the Believer (10:19–13:17) A. Exhortation to Enter the New Sanctuary (10:19-31) Fourth Warning: Deliberate Sinning (10:26-31) B. Exhortation to Endure Persecution (10:32-39) C. Examples of Faith Under Persecution (11:1-40) D. Exhortation to Endure Discipline (12:1-29) Fifth Warning: Don’t Refuse Him Who Speaks (12:18-29) E. Exhortation for Christian Living (13:1-17) Analysis “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

What Is a Theme? A theme is a unifying idea or image which is repeated or developed throughout a work There is often more than one theme in an epistle The main theme in the book of Hebrews is the superiority of Jesus Other themes are –Jesus the son –Jesus the high priest –Warnings against apostasy “That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong.” II Corinthians 12:10 Themes “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Jesus is Better 1.Jesus is superior to the angels (1:4). 2.Jesus offers a better hope (7:19). 3.Jesus inaugurated a better covenant (7:22; 8:6) established on better promises (8:6) and whose blood speaks a better word than that of Abel (12:24) 4.Jesus offered better sacrifices (9:23). 5.In Jesus we have a better and lasting possessions (10:34) 6.Because of Jesus we have a better country (11:16) – a heavenly one. “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Themes “The word ‘better’ appears 13 times in Hebrews.”

Jesus is Better…2 A. Superior to the Angels (1:5–2:18) First Warning: Don’t Drift Away (2:1-4) B. Superior to Moses (3:1–4:13) Second Warning: Don’t Harden Your Heart (3:7–4:13) C. Superior to the Priesthood of Aaron (4:14–7:28) Third Warning: You No Longer Try (5:11–6:8) D. Superior to the Old Covenant Ministry (8:1–10:18) “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Themes “The concept of Jesus being better is seen in the structure of Hebrews. See Hebrews 1:5-10:18.”

Jesus, the Son  The word “son” appears 13 times in connection with Jesus. He is called the “son of God” 3 times.  As the “son” Jesus stands in unique relation to God: Heir of all things (1:2) Creator and sustainer of the universe (1:2) Radiance of God’s glory (1:3) Exact representation of God’s nature (1:3) Made purification for sins (1:3); a high priest forever (4:14;7:3) Seated at God’s right hand (1:3) His rule will endure forever (1:8) Rules over God’s house (3:6) “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, As son, Jesus receives his authority directly from God. No one stands closer to God than Jesus. This is one of the reasons Jesus is better. Themes

Jesus, the High Priest  The phrase “high priest” appears 16 times in the book of Hebrews and 13 in describing Jesus.  2:17; 3:1; 4:14,15; 5:5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:11  No other New Testament author refers to Jesus as high priest “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Themes

Three Similarities Between Jesus and Levitical High Priests 1.Fully human (2:17) 2.Appointed by God (5:1,5,6) 3.Offer sacrifices (8:3) “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Themes

The Many Differences Show Jesus is Better Than the Levitical Priests Levitical High PriestsJesus ManyOne TemporalEternal ShadowSubstance Sacrifice offered by sinners and for own sinSacrifice by one without sin RepeatedOnce for all Old covenantNew covenant Earthly sanctuaryHeavenly sanctuary Barrier in access to GodDirect access to God Offered blood of bulls and goatsOffered his own blood No oathBecame high priest with oath from God “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Themes

Warnings Against Apostasy The author wrote 5 major warnings –(2:1-4; 3:7-4:13; 5:11-6:12; 10:26-31; 12:18-29) The warnings constitute the purpose for the epistle Each warning has three parts: –Warning –Reason for taking the warning seriously –Encouragement for heeding the warning with faith, not fear The warnings become more severe as the epistle progresses “That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong.” II Corinthians 12:10 Themes

The First Three Verses Summarize the Entire Letter Then: God spoke through the prophets Now (the last days): God has spoken through his son 1.Heir of all things 2.Creator of the universe 3.Radiance of God’s glory 4.Exact representation of God’s nature 5.Maintains all things by his word 6.Made purification for sins (once) 7.Sitting at God’s right hand Exposition Introduction 1:1-3 “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, “The first paragraph of the epistle gives a summary view of its main subject, the finality of the absolute Revelation in Christ as contrasted with the preparatory revelation under the Old Covenant.” B. F. Wescott, “Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews”

The First Three Verses Summarize the Entire Letter Then: God spoke through the prophets Now (the last days): God has spoken through his son 1.Heir of all things 2.Creator of the universe 3.Radiance of God’s glory 4.Exact representation of God’s nature 5.Maintains all things by his word 6.Made purification for sins (once) 7.Sitting at God’s right hand Exposition Introduction 1:1-3 “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, “This opening statement sets the tone for the whole epistle, for Christ is introduced both in his royal dignity and in his fulfilled priesthood.” R. K. Harrison, “New Testament Introduction” These seven attributes establish the Son’s credibility and authority as the spokesman for God.

Superior to the Angels (1:5-2:18) The Son is the divine creator who received worship from the angels (1:5-14) WARNING 1: if disobedience to the law (given by the angels) received a just punishment we shall also be punished by ignoring this great salvation (2:1-4) The Son’s “humiliation” in being made human (lower than the angels) resulted in salvation and the Son’s unceasing assistance in temptation (2:5-18) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18

Superior to Moses (3:1-4:13) Both Moses and the Son were faithful to God (3:1-6) –Moses as a servant –Christ as the Son WARNING 2: Do not harden your heart with unbelief as the Israelites did in the wilderness thus failing to enter God’s rest. Rather, encourage each other so none of you will be hardened and are able to enter God’s rest. Make every effort to enter that rest. (3:7-4:13) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18

Superior to the Priesthood of Aaron (4:14-7:28) Similarities between Jesus and the Aaronic priests (4:14-5:10) –They were appointed by God –They were able to empathize with human weaknesses Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18

Superior to the Priesthood of Aaron (4:14-7:28)…2 Their lack of effort to understand this salvation has prevented them from maturing. By now they should be teaching but instead need more teaching (5:11-6:3) It’s impossible for people like you who have been enlightened, shared in the Spirit and tasted the good things of God to repent after you have fallen away (6:4-8) We think better of you. God will not forget your past work. Be diligent; not lazy. Imitate those who are faithful and patient (6:9-12) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18 WARNING 3

Superior to the Old Covenant (8:1-10:18) Old covenant mediated in earthly tabernacle: new covenant in heavenly sanctuary (8:1-6) New covenant established on better promises making the old covenant obsolete covenant is obsolete (8:7-13) –Old covenant (law) written on the heart (not on stone tablets) (8:10) –New covenant provides direct knowledge of God (8:11) –New covenant promises complete forgiveness of sins (8:12) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18

Superior to the Old Covenant (8:1-10:18)…2 Old covenant was designed to be temporary until a new order with a better sacrifice was established (9:1-10) The new covenant has better benefits (9:11-28) –Under the old covenant bulls and goats were repeatedly sacrificed. Under the new covenant Christ’s body was sacrificed once for all to bring inward cleansing: forgiveness (9:11-22) –Christ’s sacrifice took place in a heavenly sanctuary was performed once for all time (9:23-28) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18

Superior to the Old Covenant (8:1-10:18)…2 Old covenant was designed to be temporary until a new order with a better sacrifice was established (9:1-10) The new covenant has better benefits (9:11-28) –Under the old covenant bulls and goats brought ceremonial and outward cleansing. Under the new covenant Christ’s body was sacrificed to bring inward cleansing (forgiveness and eternal inheritance (9:11-22) –Christ’s sacrifice took place in a heavenly (not earthly tabernacle) sanctuary and was performed once for all time (not repeatedly) to take away the sins of many (9:23-28) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, The Superiority Of the Son 1:4-10:18

Enter the New Sanctuary (10:19-31) Since we have entered into the Most Holy place by Jesus’ blood and he is our new high priest (19-21) –Let us draw near to God with full assurance (10:22) –Let us hold to the hope we profess (10:23) –Let us spur each other to love and good deeds (10:24) –Let us not give up meeting together (10:25) The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Enter the New Sanctuary (10:19-31) Deliberate sinning after receiving the truth eliminates the sacrifice for sins and leaves only a fearful judgment (10:26-27) Violations of the law of Moses met with death without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. Those who reject Jesus will receive a much more severe punishment (10:28-31) The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, WARNING 4

Endure Persecution (10:32-39) This is a word of encouragement after the previous WARNING Remember the early days of your faith. You endured much suffering (10:32-35) You need to persevere to receive the promise (10:36) We don’t belong to those who shrink back but to those have faith and are saved. The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Examples of Faith (11:1-40) Essence: confidence and assurance in what we hope for but do not see (11:1,2) Examples: The examples of those with faith spans the entire range of Jewish history (11:3-38) –Antediluvian –Patriarchal –Exodus –Conquest of Canaan –Monarchy and Exile –To the NT Times The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Examples of Faith (11:1-40)…2 Energy: All those examples acted on their faith (11:3- 38) End: None of the examples received what was promised (11:39) Expectation: One day we will all receive what was promised (11:40) The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Endure Discipline (12:1-29) Persevere: consider the opposition Jesus endured (12:1-3) Consider persecution as the Lord’s discipline which is for our ultimate good – it proves the authenticity of our faith (12:4-13) Live in peace and be holy (12:14-17) The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Endure Discipline…2 (12:1-29) Do not refuse him who speaks to you (12:18-25a) If the Israelite refused Moses who warned the from earth, how shall we escape if we refuse him who warns us from heaven. God will shake both the heavens and the earth (12:25b-27) We are receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken (12:28,29) The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, WARNING 5

Christian Living (13:1-17) Show love and hospitality (13:1-3) Keep marriages pure (13:4) Keep free from the love of money (13:5) Remember your leaders who first spoke to you, remember their faith (13:6,7) Ignore strange teachings (13:8-10) Bear the disgrace of Jesus (13:11-16) The Outworking Of the Superiority Of the Son 10:19-13:17 Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Concluding Remarks (13:18-25) Pray for us (13:18,19) Author’s prayer for them: may God equip you to do his will (13:20,21) Bear with the brief word of exhortation (13:22) Await the arrival of Timothy (13:23) Greetings: to all of you; those from Italy (13:24) Grace (13:25) Exposition “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, Concluding Instructions and Greetings 13:18-25

Five Warnings: Don’t 1.Drift away 2.Harden your hearts 3.Be immature 4.Deliberately sin 5.Refuse to listen Application All these warnings guard against a terrifying judgment. Means of Apostasy “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

What Might Cause Us To: 1.Drift away 2.Harden your hearts 3.Be immature 4.Deliberately sin 5.Refuse to listen Application Means of Apostasy “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Suggestion 1 Catastrophic Event Death of a loved one – especially an unexpected death Divorce or other marriage problems Debilitating illness Financial troubles Application Means of Apostasy “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Suggestion 2 False Profession of Faith Attachment to a preacher or teacher instead of to Jesus Acceptance by a group such as a Bible Study or other small fellowship group Appointment to a leadership position Application Means of Apostasy “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Suggestion 3 Persecution Physical Economic Social Application Means of Apostasy “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Suggestion 4 Neglect: Drifting Away Lack of church attendance Lack of Bible Study attendance Lack of fellowship with other believers Lack of personal devotional time Application Means of Apostasy “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

How to Remain Faithful Heed the warning of a terrifying judgment Be encouraged by the examples of the Old Testament saints (11:1-40) Jesus (12:1-3) and your leaders (13:7) Consider the Christians around the world who are suffering for Jesus’ sake Application “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The Four Keys to Aid in Understanding Hebrews 1.Theme: the superiority of Jesus Christ 2.Method: exposition of Old Testament scripture 3.Purpose: exhortation to warn the readers against apostasy and encourage them to remain in the faith. 4.Style: Alternating of scripture exposition and exhortation in making the argument Key “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The main theme of Hebrews is: A.The importance of a high priest B.The role of faith in Old Testament times C.Superiority of Jesus, the son D.Apostasy amidst persecution E.The priestly order of Melchizedek Test “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

To demonstrate his theme the author of Hebrews draws heavily from: A.The Old Testament scriptures B.The wisdom of Greek philosophy C.An ancient collection of rabbinic sermons D.The sayings of Jesus E.Paul’s letters to the Romans and Galatians Test “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The purpose for writing Hebrews was to: A.Warn the readers against apostasy B.Encourage the readers in their faith C.Demonstrate the writer’s knowledge of the Old Testament scriptures D.Endorse the role of the high priest E.Emphasize the role of faith in meeting persecution Test “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

The author demonstrates to his readers the superiority of Jesus over all that preceded him by using scripture for the purpose of warning them against apostasy and encouraging them in their faith. The Superior Son Lesson “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2,

Warning 1: Don’t Drift Away “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, TextHebrews 2:1-4 Warning(2:1) Pay careful attention to what you have heard so you won’t drift away. Reason(2:2:3a) If disobedience to the message spoken by angels received a just punishment how much more will we be punished for ignoring such a great salvation. Encouragement(2:3b-4) This salvation was announced by the Lord, confirmed to us who heard him and testified to by God with signs, wonders, miracles and gifts of the Spirit. Themes

Warning 2: Don’t Harden Your Heart “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, TextHebrews 3:7-4:13 (Psalm 95:7-11) Warning(3:7-11) Don’t harden your hearts as the Israelites did in the wilderness thereby proving God’s anger and failing to enter his rest. Reason(3:12- 4:7) Those who sinned against God perished in the wilderness and never entered God’s rest. Encouragement(4:8-12) There remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God Themes

Warning 3: You No Longer Try “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, TextHebrews 5:11-6:12 Warning(5:11-6:3) Your lack of effort to understand this salvation has prevented you from becoming mature. By now you should be teaching but instead you need more teaching. Reason(6:4-8) It’s impossible for people like you who have been enlightened, shared in the Spirit and tasted the good things of God to repent after you have fallen away. Encouragement(6:9-12) We think better of you. God will not forget your past work. Be diligent; not lazy. Imitate those who are faithful and patient. Themes

Warning 4: Deliberate Sinning “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, TextHebrews 10:26-31 (Habakkuk 2:3,4) Warning(10:26,27) Deliberate sinning eliminates the sacrifice for sins and leaves only a fearful judgment. Reason(10:28-31) Violations of the law of Moses met with death without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. Those who reject Jesus will receive a much more severe punishment. Encouragement(10:32-39) Remember the early days of your faith. You endured much suffering. You need to persevere. We don’t belong to those who shrink back but to those who are saved. Themes

Warning 5: Refusing to Listen “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Heb. 1:1,2, TextHebrews 12:18-29 (Haggai 2:6) Warning(12:18-25a) Do not refuse him who speaks to you. Reason(12:25b-27) If the Israelite refused Moses who warned the from earth, how shall we escape if we refuse him who warns us from heaven. God will shake both the heavens and the earth. Encouragement(12:28-29) We are receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken. Themes