French and Indian War - End of Salutary Neglect

Background of the War Population increase leads to expansion Disputed territory between colonial America, colonial France, and Native Americans Spill over of European conflict

French POV Trade is everything Trade with the American Indians is the basis of France's North American economy, and they think British trade and settlements are encroaching on this. In order to protect the Ohio Valley for trade, the French build forts in the valley to try to expel British traders.

British POV Land is opportunity The British colonies in America are growing fast, and to them, land means wealth and opportunity. British settlers want to settle the Ohio Valley, and seek more farmland in addition to lucrative trade with the Indians.

Indian POV A lifestyle to protect The American Indians had a strong trading relationship with the French, and also traded with the British. In addition to wanting to maintain their way of life in the Ohio Valley, the Indians had become dependent on European goods like weapons, rum, metal tools and cloth, and needed to protect their trade relationships.

The Albany Plan of Union Proposed by B. Franklin Attempt to unite the colonies under one govt, primarily for defense purposes Also included 6 Iroquois Nations Plan never accepted

1754 – Conflict Begins VA governor sends George Washington to warn French about settling Ohio Valley French ignore warning Washington attempts to force French out but fails miserably Humiliating for Brits

1756 – Seven Years War The British declare war in colonies. Becomes part of a series of conflicts known as the Seven Years War Colonists hesitant to fight – Feel risk outweighs benefits 1758 – William Pitt – Sec of State then P.M. – Promises colonists compensation for cooperation

1763 – Treaty of Paris Thanks to Pitt’s promise, war shifts in British Favor – Take several forts around G Lakes and in Canada England - Canada and most land East of Miss. Spain – land West of Miss. France – loses nearly all N American possessions

**Effects of War** British Debt Natives lose French allies Increased tension b/w British and Natives – Pontiacs Rebellion – Fight over Ohio Valley – Leads to Proclamation of 1763 Another sign that Salutary Neglect is ending.

Road to Revolution – British Actions 1. No more Subs 2. Sugar Act – Tax on sugar, coffee, etc. – Meant to fund British Army still in colonies 3. Mutiny Act 1765 – Quartering Act – Colonists must house/feed Brits 4. Stamp Act – Tax on all printed materials – Revenue used to pay for Brit troops *Still no major revolts

Road to Revolution – Colonial Responses “Virginia Resolves” – Patrick Henry begins “no taxation without representation” “Actual” vs. “Virtual” Representation Stamp Act Congress – Decide colonists should be taxed only by Colonial Reps Sons of Liberty – Boston – Sam Adams – Lead Protests/Boycotts – Virtually nullify Stamp Act

Road to Revolution Declaratory Act – Brit. angry w/ colonial protest – States that Parliamentary authority in colonies “in all cases” Townshend Duties – Townshend angry about colonial protest – Renews Mutiny Act – Tax on Led, Paint, Paper, Tea Colonists make “Non Importation Agreement”

Road to Revolution Boston Massacre – 1770 – Small group of colonists angry about unemployment – Begins when colonists throw rocks and snowballs – British open fire, killing 5 – Word spreads due to Paul Reveres Engraving of the event – Leads to the Creation of the “Committee of Correspondence” Publicize grievances

Road to Revolution Tea Act – Britain suffering from surplus in Tea produced by East Ind. Tea Comp. – Reduce Import/Export Duties on British Tea – Colonists fear this will create a monopoly

Road to Revolution Boston Tea Party – 1773 – “Sons of Liberty” throw massive amounts of Brit. tea into Boston Harbor Leads to Coercive Acts – “Intolerable Acts” Close port of Boston Trials of Royal officers moved Loss of self government privileges Renewal of Quartering

Road to Revolution 1 st Continental Congress – 1774 – Met to discuss Intolerable Acts – Petition the king to ask Britain to reduce regulations – Lead Additional colonial boycotts (non importation) of Brit goods

Beginning of the Revolution Concord and Lexington – Brits hear of colonial stockpile of weapons in Concord – Colonies had already notified militia (“minutemen”) and prepare for attack “Shot heard ‘round the world” – Fired near Lexington – Militia forced to fall back – In Concord, Militia forces Brit retreat Hit and Run ambushes all the way back to Boston

2 nd Continental Congress Met AFTER Lex and Concord 1.Vote to send “Olive Branch” petition to the King – King George refused to read it 2.Create a Continental Army – Led by George Washington 3.Draft and accept the Declaration of Independence