Monarchy in England. Main Idea In contrast to the absolute monarchies of Spain and France, the English monarchy was limited by Parliament Following a.

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Presentation transcript:

Monarchy in England

Main Idea In contrast to the absolute monarchies of Spain and France, the English monarchy was limited by Parliament Following a civil war, Parliament became even more powerful.

The Tudors and Parliament Henry VIII (Brad Pitt) and his daughter Elizabeth I were members of the Tudor Dynasty This was during Absolutism in England. However, Parliament placed curbs on absolute monarchy.

Henry VIII and Parliament created the Church of England (Protestant) so he could divorce his first wife (Catherine of Aragon). teamed up with Parliament to convert England to Protestantism. Act of Supremacy(1534)-named the king the head of the Church of England

KING HENRY VIII

Henry’s Daughters— Bloody Mary & Elizabeth Henry’s daughter Mary returned England to Catholicism Elizabeth re-established the Church of England Worked well with Parliament, but insisted on her divine right. People started to question the monarchy.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Review What was the English monarchy limited by? Of which dynasty were Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I were members ? Did Henry VIII and Elizabeth have a good relationship with Parliament? What church did Elizabeth return England to? (hint: her father’s church)

The Stuarts of Scotland and Parliament Stuarts of Scotland dynasty after Tudor’s King James I – –clashed with Parliament over divine right war spending fact that he was from Scotland

James I of Scotland

The Puritans As Parliament increased its influence, the Puritans made themselves known. Puritans-group of strict Calvinists who demanded reforms in the Church of England (purify the Church) King James refused to pass most Puritan requests for reform (threat to his power) He did agree to the publication of an English version of the Bible (King James Bible)

Charles I Defies Parliament Son of James I Lost popularity for marrying Catholic princess and involving England in military ventures overseas requested money from Parliament, they refused unless he signed the Petition of Right. This limited king’s power and was a direct challenge to the MONARCHY. Dismisses Parliament in 1629 due to disputes over money & absolute monarchy

Review Who were the 2 leaders of the Stuarts of Scotland? Why did King James refuse to pass most Puritan requests for reform? What did the Petition of Right do? (document that Parliament forced Charles I to sign)

The English Civil War Charles I had to reconvene Parliament to ask for more money Long Parliament-took a looooong time to decide in the end, Parliament further limited king’s power Charles agreed to Parliament’s demands, but secretly planned to overturn them.

War With Parliament 1642 Charles interrupted Parliament in session to arrest a radical Puritan group Men fled, but Charles’s plan was revealed Some members of Parliament decided to rise up against King Charles I English Civil War began (1642)

English Civil War Royalists—supporters of the King Roundheads—supporters of Parliament (rebels)

Oliver Cromwell Roundhead leader and general who forced the king’s surrender in 1646 Dismissed Parliament members who supported the King (Rump Parliament left over) Rump Parliament tried and executed Charles I on January 30, 1649 Charles I was 1st European monarch killed by his own people

Oliver Cromwell

Review: What did the disputes between Charles I and Parliament lead to? Who forced the King’s surrender in 1646? What was Charles I the 1st European monarch to have happen to him?

Turn to Page 150 Read and interpret the political cartoon of Oliver Cromwell. How is he portrayed? Who might be depicting him this way, and why?

England under Cromwell House of Commons abolished House of Lords and England became a COMMONWEALTH: –Republican government based on the common good of all people However: Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector – dismissed Parliament –closed theaters Shakespeare 

Thomas Hobbes Conditions during the English Civil War inspired philosopher to write LEVIATHAN. Described humans as being natural selfish and fearful. Humans need a powerful STRONG KING. Life is “solitary, brutish, poor, nasty, & short.”

The Monarchy Returns Cromwell died Restoration brought Charles II to power Supported religious toleration, reopened theaters, passed Habeus Corpus Act James II-Charles’s son who was unpopular because he was Catholic

Glorious Revolution 1688 Parliament ask James II’s daughter and her husband, William & Mary, to take the throne Bloodless revolution Parliament made William and Mary agree to a new English Bill of Rights England now a constitutional monarchy, – a monarchy limited by law

William and Mary

Review What was England like under Cromwell? When Cromwell died, which movement brought back the monarchy? Which couple took the throne after the Glorious Revolution?