The Renaissance and Reformation

Starter After a tragedy, loss, chaotic event what makes people want to move on?

Moving On Europe was devastated by the plague However the people that were left carried on Italy had became the center of attention once again Trade had made Italian cities wealthy once again Italy was the first to get the plague so they were the first to get rid of it

Moving On Italy had never formed a central government Divided into different city-states controlled by powerful families These families dominated the trade and tried to take each other over

Moving On People began to move into the cities and get jobs While there they were exposed to books and academic materials People began to thirst for knowledge again This became known as the Renaissance

Medici Family The Medici family in Florence Italy became the most powerful family in the area With their money they helped spread the Renaissance because they valued art Working in Florence at the time is a man name Niccolo Machiavelli Machiavelli wrote a book called the Prince

The Prince Machiavelli explains in the prince that when one is in power they must do all that is necessary to maintain that power Politics have no relation to morals. Niccolo Machiavelli It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both. Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli “If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared.” “The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him.” ― Niccolò Machiavelli, The PrinceNiccolò MachiavelliThe Prince These excerpts from the Prince give you a clue about how Machiavelli felt about power and how to keep it. Read each of these statements and decide in your own words what they mean After you have decided and written down what these statements mean in you own words elaborate on the reasons that Machiavelli thinks this way and why he is so harsh.

Starter Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? List the Reasons why

Printing Press The Chinese had invented a version of the printing press centuries before Johann Gutenberg invented moveable type to go with his printing press His type letters were made out of metal and they could be changed around as needed

Printing Press 1455 A.D. Johann Gutenberg produces the first Bible using the printing press. Printed books are cheaper and easier to produce. Books become more readily available More people learn to read

Pages Copied per Day

Famous Authors Sir Thomas More wrote the book Utopia which was his portrayal of the perfect society William Shakespeare expresses universal themes and Renaissance ideals in his poems and plays.

Starter Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press: How did this invention help spread ideas? Explain how the renaissance shows that Europe recovered from the plague.

Famous Renaissance People Leonardo da Vinci- his painting and works are some of the most celebrated pieces in history. He is a true renaissance man and humanist

Da Vinci’s Diving apparatus

Famous Renaissance People Michelangelo- Sculptor, painter and artist His art work was highly detailed and sought after Commissioned by the Pope to paint the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo’s David

Starter How did ideas such as Humanism and Inventions like the printing press help bring about the Reformation?

Church Corruption Church Abuses were wide spread in Renaissance era. Sold Indulgences- buy your way or your relatives way our of Purgatory Martin Luther- German professor and Monk sparked Reformation b/c he did not like Church policies.

How did it Start Tetzel was a church man who set up a pulpit outside of Martin Luther’s town Tetzel was selling indulgences to people who could afford them This angered Martin Luther who wrote the 95 Thesis

Reformation 1521 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Charles V Roman Emperor summoned Luther to the diet of Worms declared him an outlaw Luther said all Christians have access to heaven through faith

Reformation The movement for reform had become so strong in Germany that they had to create a peace treaty The treaty allowed each territory to setup whatever church they wanted John Calvin- preached predestination the idea that God had long ago decided who would gain salvation

Starter Why did people begin to question the church? What were Luther’s main objections to the Catholic Church?

King Henry VIII Had a problem a daughter Mary He needed a Son to take over when he died His wife Catherine of Argon was barren He needed a divorce-Pope is only one who can grant a divorce

Henry Pope refuses to allow Henry to divorce his wife. King Henry then passes a royal decree separating England from the Catholic Church and set up the Church of England He became head of the church and then divorced Catherine

Henry 1533 Henry married his mistress Anne Boleyn Had a child Elizabeth 3 miscarriages later Anne was executed Married Jane Seymour in less than a month had a son Edward- Jane died Next he married and divorced Anne of Cleves in less than 7 months

Henry At 49 Henry married Kathryn Howard who was 19 Less than 2 years later she was executed for infidelity His last wife Katherine Parr outlived him

Why is this Important The fact that King Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and started his own Church (the Church of England) helped further the Reformation The Catholic Church had to recognize that there was a major problem and it began to Reform itself.

Warm Up P. 429 Why did Henry VIII want and annulment? P. 430 How did Henry VIII gain support for his Anglican Church? P. 431What was the Counter-Reformation? P. 432 Why was religious persecution widespread during the Reformation?

P. 435 Why was Galileo Threatened with death because of his views? P. 436 What were the contributions of the philosophers Bacon and Descartes? P. 436 What are the steps of the Scientific Method? How is knowledge of the human body still expanding?