Before we can discuss the Persian War- we need to know:  Who are the Persians?!  Where were the Persians? (Map on page 191)

Cyrus the Great  English/cyruspreview_english.htm (5 min) English/cyruspreview_english.htm (5  A unique ruler who allowed for:  Worship gods of your choice  Live where you like  Freeing of the slaves  Kept the current ruler in power  Paid homage (honored) the cities god(s)

Bell work  With your table partner, discuss and organize the strips of papers with events on them.  Remember to think of what we have already learned about the Greeks when considering how to organize the slips.  Be prepared to share why you organized them how you did.

The event you have just ordered are the key events during the Persian Wars. We will look at the Persian empire and the war with the Greeks. Then adjust our slips if needed as we go.

Title page 35 in your composition notebook : The Persian Wars  Create a flow chart on pages with 4 boxes on each page  1  2  3  4

The Start of War 1) Greeks sent Warships to Anatolia to support revolt against Persians. Greeks in Anatolia, who were already ruled by Persia, revolt in 499B.C.  The Athenian's send warships to help but Persia crushes the revolt.  King Darius was angry at Athenians for interfering and decides to punish mainland Greeks.  Persian Army had 10,000 trained soldiers called Immortals.  Greeks had Hoplites  citizen-soldiers  And Spartans: Implements of Death: greece/videos/spartans-implements-of-death (2:30) greece/videos/spartans-implements-of-death

Battle of Marathon  2) King Darius I, of Persia, sent a fleet and army that landed at Marathon out side of Athens.  In 490B.C. 600 Persian ships invade Greece and land at Marathon  Athenians were out numbered 10,000 to 200,000  Athenians waited until Persians where loading back into their ships, surprised them and beat them.  The Greek messenger, Pheidippides, ran 26.5 miles to Athens, said “victory,” collapsed and died.  Modern Marathons are named after this event Greeks Win! BBC HH: /watch?v=geR3BrcWSt0&lis t=PLf5Uec85aA_snlx7XuQsi Nb4oE2w5L_oWBBC HH: /watch?v=geR3BrcWSt0&lis t=PLf5Uec85aA_snlx7XuQsi Nb4oE2w5L_oW (2:40)

Thermopylae battle of land and sea 3 ) Greeks won the battle at Marathon 4) Persian King Xerxes attacked united Greeks at Thermopylae  Darius’s Son, Xerxes, swears revenge on the Athenians  Persia invades with 200,000 troops and thousands of warships in 480B.C.  Greek city-states band together to fight the Persians  King Leonidas led the majority of the Soldiers who were Spartans  Led 7,000 troops for 3 days  When a traitor shows Persians how to surround the army, King Leonidas dismisses all but 300 Spartans to hold off the Persians and fight to the death Persians win! Build a bridge across Hellspot:

Battle of Salamis 5) United Greeks fought bravely, especially Spartans, but lost the battle of Thermopylae. 6) Greeks won Battle of Salamis and all but destroyed a large Persian fleet.  Themistocles of Athens directed the Greek Navy  Cut off Persian ships from supply ships  Lured the Persian war ships into the Straight of Salamis  Persian ships were too large and crowded to move about in the straight while Greek ships were smaller and faster  300 Persian warship sank, Greeks loose 40, Persian Fleet almost destroyed Greeks Win! Video: e.com/watch?v=PNY -7x5RCqY

Athens Burned  During the battle of Salamis, after Persians get around Spartans at Thermopile, Persian foot soldiers march to Athens  Because of the battles going on, Athens was almost deserted so the Persians set fire to it.

Plataea790 B.C. 7) Combined Greek forces defeated Persians at Plataea, northwest of Athens.  Last Persian/ Greek battle  Even in numbers with about 100,000 soldiers each  Greeks had improved weapons and armor  The Greeks win the battle and follow the Persians  They free Anatolia from Persian rule  Continued battling the Persians until 449B.C. as the Persian Empire weakens. 8) A weakened Persian Empire stopped trying to conquer Greece.  The Empire Ends in 300B.C. with Alexander the Great

The Peloponnesian War  History channel video: history/peloponnesian-war/videos/the-peloponnesian- war history/peloponnesian-war/videos/the-peloponnesian- war  Pages

Pericles  Pericles was the leader of creating democracy in Athens.  Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general  Dominates life in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.  He had many buildings constructed.  Pericles had the Parthenon and the Acropolis built.

Pericles’ Plan for Athens  Stronger Democracy  Pericles hires more paid public officials; creates direct democracy  Direct democracy—citizens rule directly, not through representatives  Athenian Empire  Takes over the Delian League; uses money to strengthen Athenian fleet.  Sparta and other cities resent Athenian power.  Glorifying Athens  Pericles buys gold, ivory, marble; hires artisans to beautify Athens all with money from the Delian League without the whole league’s consent.

The Delian League  Started as an equal partnership between city-states to defend its members against any future Persian attacks.  Formed in 478B.C. right at the end of the Persian wars  Headquarters on the island of Delos  Athens provided sailors and soldiers while other city-states supplied money and ships  Helps Greece grow rich through trade around the Mediterranean

Failure of the Delian League  Athenians take over the League  The demand tribute(payment for protection) from their “allies”  City-States felt bullied and tried to leave, asked Sparta for help  Sparta and Athens go to war over who had the most strength over Greece

Athenians and Spartans Go to War  War Begins  431 B.C. Sparta declares war on Athens—the beginning of the Peloponnesian War.  Peloponnesian War  Sparta has a better army.  Athens has a better navy.  Plague strikes Athens in 430 B.C., kills many—including Pericles.  Sparta and Athens sign a truce in 421 B.C.

Plague in Athens Described  “People in good health were all of a sudden attacked by violent heats in the head, and redness and inflammation in the eyes, the inward parts, such as the throat or tongue, becoming bloody and emitting an unnatural and fetid breath. These symptoms were followed by sneezing and hoarseness, after which the pain soon reached the chest, and produced a hard cough……..”

Plague in Athens Described  “…..Externally the body was….reddish, livid, and breaking out into small pustules and ulcers….They succumbed, as in most cases, on the seventh or eighth day, to the internal inflammation…But if they passed this stage, and the disease descended further into the bowels, inducing a violent ulceration there accompanied by severe diarrhea, this brought on weakness which was generally fatal….This disorder.….settled in the privy parts, the fingers and the toes, and many escaped with the loss of these, some too with that of their eyes.”

4 th Century B.C. Hoplite

Athenians and Spartans Go to War  Sparta Gains Victory  415 B.C. Athens renews war, attacks Syracuse on the island of Sicily.  Athens is defeated in 413 B.C.  Athens and its allies surrender to Sparta in 404 B.C.

Wrap Up:  On the provided sticky note answer the questions below AND Ask your own question! What characterizes of the Greeks do you think helped them to defeat the Persians?